STEJ NEGER] ANIMALS AND PLANTS OF NORWAY 475 
snouted. This agrees substantially with the corresponding feature 
of the Celtic horse which, according to Ewart, has a broad fore- 
head and a short snout. 
It is interesting to note that the temperamental traits character- 
istic of the Celtic pony, viz., ““ keenness and speed, staying power 
and agility’ (Ewart, p. 254) are the very ones attributed to the 
Norwegian fjord-horse. 
It is at present impossible to decide whether the Celtic pony of 
western Norway came to that country in the wild state or domesti- 
cated.t But in either case, from what is now known of its geo- 
graphic distribution, it must have come from Scotland. That it 
should have arrived from the southeast of Scandinavia with the 
“ oak-flora,” or with the dolichocephalic Teutonic race of man seems 
incredible, while the “ dcelehest’’ unquestionably came with them 
that way. Ewart’s ingenious explanation of certain characteristics 
of the Celtic horse and his (1. e., eastern) Norse horse as indicating 
the latter to be a member of the forest fauna, the former. of the 
Steppe fauna (p. 263; p. 595), or as I should prefer to say, the 
heath or barren-ground fauna, is highly suggestive in this connection. 
IV. OTHER SPECIES OF MAMMALS 
It will be remembered that my theory of an invasion of western 
Norway from Scotland by those members of the older, or “ first ” 
Siberian invasion which had been able to penetrate so far west- 
wards before the final disappearance of the Scoto-Norwegian 
land bridge, extended to the whole assemblage called “the Arctic 
fauna” by Sharff in his valuable book on “ The History of the 
European Fauna.” I also included the red deer, as already dis- 
cussed above in detail, and the Norwegian lemming (Lemmus 
*T have already (p. 461) alluded to the fact that I suspect a certain element 
of the population of west Norway, whose distribution is nearly identical 
with that of the red deer and the Celtic pony, of having arrived there from 
Scotland practically at the same time as the “ Atlantic” biota and over the 
same land bridge. In Scotland the presence of a similar type during the 
stages following the megaglacial climax is also known. That this element 
of the Norwegian population may have arrived there during “interglacial ” 
time is admitted by Hansen (Landnaam i Norge, 1904, pp. 299-300). 
As for the domestication of the horse it is now regarded as conclusively 
proven by Piette that it was accomplished “during the late Pleistocene 
epoch” (Nature, November 29, 1906, p. 108). There would then seem to 
be a possibility that the people alluded to may have brought the pony with 
them in a domesticated state. 
