STEJNEGER] ANIMALS AND PLANTS OF NORWAY 483 
tains. As we approach the north and west we meet forms which 
breed at the level of the sea. Thus a race rather lightly spotted 
with black and suffused with rust color on the breast in the breeding 
plumage, Anthus littoralis, extends from Denmark along the west 
coast of southern Sweden to Hvaler,a group of islands at the south- 
eastern corner of Norway. On the other hand, a heavy-spotted 
form, without a distinct wash of rufous on the breast, A. petrosus, 
makes its appearance as a breeding bird on the coasts of northern 
France, extending northwards through Great Britain and Ireland 
to the Scottish islands and to western Norway north to Finmarken. 
An extreme race of this form occurring in the Ferces has recently 
been distinguished as A. spinoletta kleinschmidti (Hartert, Vog. 
Palaarkt. Fauna, 111, 1905, p. 284). 
The rock pipit, as stated, breeds along the coasts of the British 
islands. Saunders (Illustr. Man. Brit. Birds, 1889, p. 135) says 
that “in Scotland it is abundant in suitable localities, especially in 
the west, and it is equally common in Ireland.” Dresser quotes 
Robert Gray to the effect that it is common “on all the northern 
islands, including the outer Hebrides, Monach Isles, Haskar Rocks 
and St. Kilda,” and continues: “ Mr. Dunn found it very abundant 
in all parts of Shetland, and Captain Clark-Kennedy informs me 
that he has met with it very abundantly along the shores of 
Caithness, Sutherland and others of the northern counties of Scot- 
land, and especially numerous in the Orkneys” (Birds of Europe, 
III, p. 344). 
In Norway it breeds commonly on all the islands and along the 
entire outer coast up to Varangerfjord in East Finmark, but it never 
breeds in the interior of the country. 
With the Baltic rock pipit (Anthus littoralis) breeding in the 
extreme southeastern corner of the country we have in Norway, con- 
sequently, two forms of rock pipit,t although some authors seem to 
think that the typical A. petrosus does not occur there and that the 
*To Professor Robert Collett belongs the honor of having discovered and 
repeatedly called attention to this fact (Nwt Mag. Naturv., xxtt, 1877, p. 144; 
xxvi, 1881, pp. 306-307), naming the west coast form typical A. obscurus 
[= petrosus] and the “variety occurring in the southern part of Sweden,” with 
“light rusty yellow and more unspotted lower surface,” A. rupestris. Nilsson, 
however, gave the latter name only as a substitute for A. obscurus consider- 
ing, as he did, the latter ineligible because there are several species of Anthus 
to which the name obscurus applies. Brehm’s Anthus littoralis (Lehrb. 
Naturg. Europ. Vog., 1, 1823, p. 239) is based upon specimens collected on 
the island of Oehe, on the east coast of Schleswig, and is apparently the 
south Swedish and Danish bird. 
