484° SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [vor. 48 
bird inhabiting “the coasts of Scandinavia” is the A. spinoletta 
littoralis (Hartert, Vog. Palaarkt. Fauna, 111, 1905, p. 284). 
The distribution of these forms in Norway plainly indicates the 
way by which they entered the country, A. petrosus from the west, 
A. littoralis from the south. 
The rock pipit in western Norway is a “ gipsy migrant”’ like the 
twite, many individuals wintering along the coast at least as far 
north as the Trondhjemsfjord (Collett, Nyt Mag. Naturv., XxvI, 
1881, p. 307), while others undertake more or less extended wander- 
ings in various directions. 
‘ 
VI. THe “ Atuantic” AnD“ ARCTATLANTIC™~ PEANTS am 
WESTERN NoRWAY 
The late Professor Axel Blytt, in his celebrated paper on the 
immigration of the Flora of Norway (Nyt Mag. Naturv., xx1, 1876, 
pp. 279-362) clearly distinguished two elements among others, in 
the flora peculiar to western Norway, viz., those plants which ex- 
tend from Stavanger northwards and which are chiefly character- 
istic of the coast between the latter city and Kristianssund, and 
those which do not occur north of Stavanger. The former he 
named (p. 339) the Atlantic, or Bergen coast plants, the latter the 
Subatlantic, or Kristianssand coast plants. These he believed to 
have come to western Norway “over the sea from the southwest,” 
though the context shows that he meant from Denmark. Among 
these Ilex aquifolium, the holly, is one of the most conspicuous 
plants and occurring, as it does, from Arendal to Kristianssund, 
consequently covering the range of both the Atlantic and the Sub- 
atlantic plants, the combined assemblage is often called the Jlex- 
flora. This nomenclature is very unfortunate since, as I hope to 
show, the two categories probably have arrived in Norway from two 
different directions, the former from Scotland, and the latter from 
Denmark. 
As already stated, the Atlantic plants in western Norway have 
their main distribution between Stavanger and Kristianssund, or 
roughly between 59° and 63° north latitude, and are mainly con- 
fined to the coast without even penetrating into the deeper western 
fjords, but many species have extended their range considerably 
further north and south so that a few of them have even reached 
the western coast of Sweden. About 60 species of vascular plants 
are regarded as belonging to this category. 
The Subatlantic flora is probably equally rich in species and oc- 
