STEJ NEGER] ANIMALS AND PLANTS OF NORWAY 503 
a climate and ice conditions like Greenland and allowed glaciers 
from Scandinavia to descend upon Shetland and Scotland across the 
land now occupied by the North Sea. When the ice-cap had reached 
its maximum its weight counteracted the force causing the upward 
movement of the earth’s crust, and finally overcoming it effected 
a downward movement. The rate of depression was probably not 
so great in our region as further east and south. It must be remem- 
bered that western Norway and Scotland were on the periphery of 
the ice-cap, the apex and greatest mass of which was considerably 
to the eastward. Suppose that this uneven depression resulted in 
such a tilting that the sea-level in the west of Norway and Scotland 
stood at the present 200 sea-meter curve, while to the east and south 
of Scandinavia it had already reached the present 200 land-meter 
level. At this stage in the west we would have western Norway 
still united with Scotland and Ireland,’ but elevated only 200 meters 
more than now. The northeastward flow of the warmer Atlantic 
water would consequently have resumed its normal course long ago 
through the Ferdoe Channel, and the climate would be considerably 
ameliorated, especially along the extreme southwestern coast-line.? 
To the east and south of Scandinavia, as we have supposed above, 
the land was depressed at least 100 and possibly 200 sea-meters. 
But this depression meant the melting off of the peripheral eastern 
part of the ice-cap and the transgression of the Arctic Ocean over 
parts of northern Russia and northern Germany in its place, with 
an Arctic current coming down along the eastern base of Scandinavia, 
a veritable Hudson Bay with a corresponding climate. Scandinavia 
united in the west with Scotland and Ireland formed then an elon- 
gated narrow island, the western and northern coast of which were 
washed by the warm Atlantic waters, the eastern and southern by 
the Arctic cold current. While previously the ice-cap had been 
melting due to the relative subsidence and the resumption of the 
Gulf Stream, the arrival of the Arctic Sea on the east side would 
cause an increase of precipitation. The result would be a recrudes- 
cence of the glaciation and a notable acceleration of the depression, 
a stage corresponding to the second, or Baltic, glaciation of most 
Scandinavian geologists, the neoglaciation of Hansen. 
1 Something like Scharff’s map, Hist. Europ. Fauna, 1899, p. 126. 
*The hardier portion of the Ferée flora may have reached these islands 
before the channel had been reopened, while the temperate species followed 
later, as suggested on p. 491. 
Scharff’s “Arctic” migration and the red deer (as well as man) had 
already reached Scotland from central Europe by this time, when the road 
behind them was shut off. From here they invaded Ireland and later Norway. 
