508 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [voL. 48 
in Scania, and the rise here may correspond to the fall there. And 
with the climate as with the earth’s movements, there are no a 
priori reasons why it might not be mild on the west coast of Scot- 
land at a time when the temperature was rigorous in the Baltic, 
and vice versa. 
But if this is true of Scotland, it is also true of western and 
northwestern Norway. This part of the latter country is so much 
nearer to Scotland than to the Baltic and its geological relation to 
Scotland so much more intimate than to southeastern Sweden that 
it is much more probable that the glacial events in west Norway 
were more nearly coextensive in time and degree with those of 
Scotland than with those of Sweden. Add to this that both the for- 
mer countries are subject to much the same conditions influencing 
the climate and that both formed the extreme western edge of the 
glaciated area, and we are prepared for similar events on both sides 
of the northern part of the North Sea. 
These considerations harmonize very well with the conclusions 
to be derived from the gradual diminution of the Ancylus and 
Littorina depressions towards western Norway, and it seems there- 
fore justifiable to synchronize the Scotch and west Norway post- 
glacial events and to assume that together the two countries went 
through the reciprocal movements which hinged along a nodal line 
(not necessarily, or even probably, a straight line) near Kristiania. 
Geikie’s Mecklenburgian, or fourth glacial stage, the district 
moraine stage, is by him identified with the Baltic glacier stage (Ice 
Age, pl. xr), the second or last glacial period, neoglacial period, etc., 
of the Scandinavian geologists. This period was characterized in 
Scotland by a submergence (110 to 135 feet, 33 to 41 meters), arctic 
climate and a land area of greater extent than now. His map of 
“Europe after the epoch of the last great Baltic glacier” (Ice Age, 
pl. x11) shows that at this time he considered Scotland and west 
Norway to be land-connected. It is probably safe to synchronize 
this rise in Scotland with the elevation during the second glaciation 
which Brégger (Norge i det Nittende Aarhundrede, 1, 1900, p. 23) 
alludes to as follows: “ During the last glaciation the land has prob- 
ably again risen at least a couple of hundred meters higher than 
now. This is demonstrated by the occurrence of beach gravel and 
beach shells on the fishing banks (Storeggen, etc.) off the [west] 
coast [of Norway] down to a depth of a couple of hundred meters.” 
He continues (p. 24): “ Even at the beginning of the period of the 
formation of the ras [the large terminal moraines along the south- 
; 
