VENTURELLO] MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF TAGBANUAS 525 
the sun. At night numerous candles of wax and pitch known as 
saleng are lit, while some of the children of both sexes will make piles 
of firewood in the yard and light them in order that the sudden blaze 
may assist to illuminate the interior of the house which as a rule is 
without walls. 
Now the hour of music has arrived. The instruments consist of 
a certain number of babandiles, sabarangs, and one or two drums 
of wood, one end of which is covered with monkey skin. This 
class of drum known as guimbal differs much from ours, its barrel 
being irregular in form and very long, at times measuring one vara 
and the covered end being larger than the open one. 
When all is ready, every one joins in the dancing and drinking 
of pangasi, which ceremony is begun by the nobles of the tribe. 
The dances are as follows: 
The calipandang is danced by one or more women swaying with 
handkerchiefs in their hands and moving their feet very little. 
About the women the men dance very rapidly with their hands on 
their backs as though manacled and forming the figure 8. As may 
be supposed, they tire very quickly and as the wearied ones with- 
draw, substitutes take their places until the music ceases. 
The guemba-guemba is danced by various women with handker- 
chiefs in their hands which they wave to the beat of the music. 
About them are an indeterminate number of men who with hands 
joined encircle the women as a net, going and coming to the time of 
the music and their songs. 
The tarec is a dance executed by one woman or one man dancing 
very rapidly, even more rapidly than in the calipandang. This is of 
a religious character since it is the one danced by the babailan (either 
man or woman) the representative of Diwata Mangindusa prior to 
the beginning of a cure for whoever may be sick of the tribe. This 
dance is performed whenever they wish to give or implore the pro- 
tection of Diwata in order to foretell to the inhabitants of the 
rancheria or tribe the terrible effects of an epidemic or other evils 
that may destroy the town. 
If this dance is executed by a man it is not called tarec but 
quendar. 
The dance tagbac is executed by a man with his hands ascending 
and descending alternately above his head to the beat of the noisy 
music. 
The tambol is danced by a woman holding in her hands the dried 
leaves of the balasbas (a species of palm) which she moves to the 
sound of the music. Three or four men dance about the woman. 
