48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1919. 
chamber, from which the ruin takes its name, being in excellent con- 
dition, although constantly exposed to the snow and summer rains. 
After excavating this cave considerable restoration was attempted in 
order that walls weakened by action of the elements and by thought- 
less visitors might be preserved for years to come. At the suggestion 
of Mr. B. A. Riggs a fence was constructed around the house to keep 
cattle from that portion of the cave. 
Buildings with masonry walls were also found in “ Ruin Cave,” 
but in this case were built directly upon remains of other structures 
of an entirely different character. The latter are usually circular 
and their walls were formed of posts to which horizontal willows 
were bound at intervals of 7 or 8 inches; adobe mud was pressed 
between these posts and over the willows, but additional and larger 
supports were required to take the great weight of the roof. A1- 
though these structures lie generally beneath the stone houses, it is 
evident that both types were built by the same people and the oc- 
cupancy of the cave was at no time long interrupted. 
Prehistoric house remains were also found in each of the other 
three caves excavated, but they consisted chiefly of small rooms with 
walls constructed entirely of adobe. Still other ruins were discovered 
high up under the ledges that lie on either side of Cottonwood Canyon, 
but unusual conditions prevented examination of these. 
Upright sandstone slabs invariably form the inner base of the walls 
in ruins throughout the region under consideration, a fact which con- 
nects them with the so-called “slab-house” people of the San Juan 
drainage. Whether there is, in fact, any justification for this term re- 
mains yet to be proven, but the cultural relationship of the prehistoric 
peoples in southwestern Utah with those south of the Rio Colorado 
is at last definitely established. 
The bureau purchased from Miss Frances Densmore papers on 
“Chippewa Remedies and General Customs” and “Chippewa Art.” 
The latter article has 164 pages, with 42 pages of old Chippewa de- 
signs and numerous photographs pertaining to industries, medicinal 
plants, customs, and toys of children, games, processes of weaving, 
tanning, and other industries. ‘The lists of plants were identified by 
Mr. Paul C. Standley. 
Miss Densmore likewise submitted much new manuscript material 
on the music of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Pawnee. With this addi- 
tion her account of the Mandan-Hidatsa music contains 340 pages, 
more than 40 illustrations, and two new forms of graphic representa- 
tion of their progression. This article is now ready for publication. 
An important field of aboriginal music thus far not sufficiently in- 
vestigated is among the Pawnee. While engaged in the study of the 
music of this tribe at Pawnee, Okla., Miss Densmore witnessed a 
Hand Game, the Buffalo, Lance, and two Victory dances, and later 
