MANCHURIA—SOWERBY. 459 
chouli through Ninguta, Harbin and Hailar. The Liao River is not 
navigable except for light-draft native boats, but of this type of 
craft it carries a considerable number. 
Fengtien is given almost entirely to cultivation, maize, wheat, 
sorghum, millet, beans, and, of late years, rice being the main cereals 
grown. A considerable amount of tobacco is grown, while silk is ex- 
tensively cultivated in the hills of the south and southeast, the silk- 
KWANCHENG TS 
Ns chuna =z 
inchangtze © 
bas augers hanchai at 
Scale 1/ 18,000,000 
190: 100 200 ' cu 2 
——— Miles 7 Kilometres 
: Railways aoa 
Fig, 1.—Sketch map of Manchuria, prepared from the Manchuria sheet of the 1/5 M Asia. 
worms being fed on scrub oak specially grown for the purpose. The 
raw silk is extensively exported to Shantung, where it is manufac- 
tured into the famous pongee. All attempts to induce the silk weavers 
of Shantung to settle in Manchuria have failed. 
The Japanese Government has had schemes for inducing her own 
nationals to settle on land along the railway lines controlled by her; 
but this also has proved a failure, probably owing to the inability of 
the Japanese peasants to compete favorably with the local Chinese 
farmers. 
