484 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1919. 
were Keltic tribes belonging to a stock of people which extended all 
over what is now south Germany and over Switzerland into France. 
It was formerly supposed that the Keltic Boii and after them the 
Germanic Markomanni occupied all Bohemia; but Niederle has 
shown on the basis of both historical and archeological evidence 
that the settlements of the Boii were restricted to the southwestern 
part of the territory, and, judging from the archeological evidence, he 
ascribes to these people the mounds of southwestern Bohemia. These 
mounds agree closely with those of Bavaria and may be traced west- 
ward from that region. A historical note that in the year 114 B. C. 
the Germanic Cimbry, in their advance eastward from the Rhine, 
were at the foot of the Bohemian forest repulsed by the Boil, indi- 
cates the power of this tribe. But already before the first half of 
the first century A. D. their domination in Bohemia was at an end. 
This decline is possibly connected with the defeat which they had 
suffered from the Dacian chief Burvista and their subsequent con- 
centration along the Danube, rather than with the advance into 
their territory of the Markomanni as represented by some historians. 
The archeological finds, as already indicated, lead us to the con- 
clusion that besides the Boii another Keltic tribe had reached 
the Bohemian territory in its more central parts, namely, the La 
Tene people. On the other hand, no graves or sites have as yet 
been found which could be attributed to the Germanic Markomanns 
and Kvades (Moravia), tribes which are mentioned by early histo- 
rians. The Markomanni are supposed to have been led into Bo- 
hemia by Marobud eight or nine years B. C., but their domination, 
if such it was, seems to have been of a political rather than cultural 
nature, and they leit no settlements or burials that could thus far 
be identified. The power of Marobud was doubtless built largely 
on the peoples he controlled, which explains the sudden loss of im- 
portance of the Markomanni after his defeat. The very seat of 
Marobud has not as yet been positively traced in Bohemia, all of 
which points to the ephemeral nature of the Markomann occupation. 
THE SLAVIC TRIBES. 
We have seen that on one hand both the archeological evidence 
and the early historical accounts indicate survivals in the country 
of remnants of the older populations and their eventual fusion with 
the Czech people. On the other hand, history as well as archeology 
has come to the conclusion that Slav tribes penetrated into the 
territories of the present Czechoslovakia long before the first men- 
tion in history of the Czech tribe. According to all evidence they 
were the people of the urn-field burials. These urn fields extend 
northeastward into territory which was the cradle of the Slavs; 
