Natural History of Hast Finmark. 111 
two words being merely the pre-Linnean commencement of 
his diagnosis ; he gives also a figure 6, “ a piece of an Italian 
coral.” Ellis refers to Ray as ‘above. 
Linné, in the tenth edition of the ‘ Systema Nature,’ 1758, 
has an “ Eschara foliacea,”’ but this is what we now know as 
Flustra foliacea, and at p. 790 Ray and Ellis’s species appears 
under the name Millepora cellulosa. In his ‘ Fauna Suecica,’ 
edit. altera, 1761, he drops the genus Hschara altogether, 
and substitutes Flustra for certain species. 
Pallas, in his admirable ‘ Elenchus Zoophytorum,’ 1766, 
restores Eschara, blaming Linné for having substituted 
Flustra: ‘‘ Eschare nomen uuper ab IIl. Linnzo, sine nulla 
necessitate, cum Flustre nova appellatione commutatum est 
(Faun. Suec. ed. 1i.). Ego vero idem servare malui, cum 
antiquitate et communi “autorum consensu ita innotuisse 
videatur, ut nulla confusio inde oriri possit, saltem non tanta, 
ut ad molestam et damnosam nominum arbitrariam commu- 
tationem ideo confugiendum esse credam.” In Pallas’s work 
we have Ellis’s species under the name EHschara fuscialis, 
with two varieties, (a) the Mediterranean fascialis, (b) the 
broad-lobed British form lamellosa. 
Linné, in Syst. Nat. ed. xii. 1768, gives us the name 
Millepora fascialis. 
In Solander and Ellis, 1786, we find Millepora foliacea, 
and Millepora fascials, Linn., as a synonym. 
Lamarck (‘Systéme des Animaux sans vertébres,’ 1801, 
p- 375) re-established Eschara, giving as his first species 
Eischara foliacea, with references to Ellis and Solander and 
Ells. 
Moll, in ‘ Eschara’ (or ‘ Die Seerinde ”), 1803, gives us on 
pl.i. excellent figures of what he names Eschara fascialis 
and its variety lamellosa. 
From the time of publication of Lamarck’s work of 1801 
our largest British Cheilostomous Polyzoon has been known 
as the type of the genus Hschara (a genus dating back to 
1724, when it was supposed to be of vegetable origin). But 
as used by Pallas in company with Cellularia these two 
genera included almost all the Cheilostomous Polyzoa known 
to him, and EHschara embraced such creeping forms as 
Eischara (Electra) pilosa and Eschara (Microporella) ciliata, 
The genus was restricted by Lamarck, and if, in his characters, 
he inserted one which was not in accordance with our present 
existing ideas, the characters should have been emended, not 
the genus destroyed ; if genera were so treated none would 
exist after some years. ‘Two forms described by Pallas of 
his Hschara fascialis I believe to be really varieties, and not 
