116 Canon A. M. Norman—WNotes on the 
are discovered to be buried beneath it. The avicularium of 
Porella princeps cannot be seen from the front, and in order 
to have it revealed more clearly I decalcified the upper layers 
of this very strongly walled massive species. The result was 
that I not only laid bare the avicularium, but also an ocecium 
of normal form over a zoccium (Pl. IX. fig. 11). This 
led me to treat in a similar manner two other species remark- 
able for the massiveness of their front wall, and of which no 
ocecia were known; the result was the revelation of a very 
similar buried ocecium in Schizoporella ceruenta (Norman) 
(Pl. IX. fig. 13) and in Monoporella spinulifera, Hincks 
(Pl. IX. fig. 12). These occia cannot be rare in these 
species, inasmuch as in each case the treatment of a single 
small fragment of the species sufficed to make known their 
existence. 
« HsCHAROIDES,” “ EScHARELLA,” “ MucRONELLA.” 
Escharoides, H. M.-Edwards (Lamarck, ed. 1836, pp. 218 
& 259), embraced many species. Of these species Gray, 1848, 
made Cellepora coccinea, Abildgaard, the type (Cat. Brit. 
Radiata, p. 124). Authors are not agreed as to the species 
which Abildgaard described, somesupposing it to be ventricosa, 
Hassall, or immersa, Fleming (=Peachii, Johnston), while 
others regard it, as English authors have done, as the appensa 
of Hassall. But there can be no doubt as to the species 
intended by both Milne-Edwards and Gray, since both give 
references to the coccinea of Fleming and of Johnston. 
Therefore in any division of the genus Mucronella, Hincks, 
which removes coccinea (=appensa) from it, that species 
should be placed in the genus Escharoides. 
Escharella, Gray, 1848 (not Escharella, dOrbigny, 1850, 
nor Escharella, Smitt), contained ‘three species—immersa, 
Fleming (= Peachii, Johnston), violacea, Johnston, and vario- 
losa, Johnston; the first and third of these point to this 
genus as another which had claim to have been used by 
Hincks when he instituted the genus Mucronella, which thus 
at the time of its creation was a synonym of two other 
genera which he insluded within it. Mucronella is a pecu- 
liarly appropriate name for the tmmersa section, but unfor- 
tunately it must yield to the earlier Yscharella. 
As long ago as 1879 Verrill saw the necessity of breaking 
up the genus Mucronella (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, p. 195), 
and proposed to use /scharoides for the ventricosa section 
and Mucronella for appensa (coccinea) and allies; but such a 
use of Hincks’s genus Mucronella cannot be made, since he 
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