Natural History of Kast Finmark. 413 
Echinodermata,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 2, vol. xx. p. 46, pl. iv. 
figs. 2 a, b. 
1868. Echinosoma hisyrdum, Semper, Reisen in Archipel der Philip- 
pinen, vol. ii. Holothurien, p. 44, pl. x. figs. 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16. 
1868. Eupyrgus scaber, iid. ibid. p. 268. 
1886. Eupyrgus scaber, Theel, Report ‘Challenger’ Exped., Holo- 
thuroidea, pt. 2, p. 49. 
I dredged this species, which is new to the Norwegian 
coast, in the Varanger Fiord, in 125-150 fathoms, and also 
in Bog Fiord in 100-120 fathoms. It had been obtained by 
the ‘ Voringen’ in the sea to the north of Hast Finmark 
(Stat. 267), and has a distribution ranging from Labrador 
and Greenland to Spitsbergen and Barents and Kara Seas. 
The calcareous deposits in the test of Eupyrgus scaber 
have not been well figured, and I therefore now illustrate them. 
It is true that Barrett * figured two deposits which he re- 
ferred to this species ; but if they belonged to it at all, they 
were certainly abnormal. I have been unable to find any 
such irregular forms either in a type specimen from Green- 
land received from Dr. Liitken soon after he described the 
species or in these Hast Finmark specimens which I have 
now taken. 
These calcareous deposits (fig. 2) consist of tables which are 
round or nearly so, with irregular margin, perforated with 
about twenty to twenty-five openings with simple margins, the 
openings around the base of the spine being larger than those 
outside them, and generally oval in form, while the smaller 
outer holes are round ; the spire is very long (fig. 3), longer 
than the diameter of the table from the centre of which it 
rises ; it gradually tapers toa point which is rough or slightly 
spinous at the poiut; it is built up of three rods, which are 
united to each other by about four cross-bars. The surface 
of the test is densely clothed with these tables which are 
situated in it, while the spires are projected freely from the test 
(fig.1). The genus Eupyrgus being entirely devoid of feet, it 
is not improbable that these spires of the calcareous plates may 
in some degree supply a help to locomotion through the mud, 
aided by the muscular movements of the animal’s body; but 
no doubt they are primarily a means of defence, as well as 
serve the purpose of strengthening the cutis. 
* The Holothurian which Barrett described as Eupyrgus hispidus is, of 
course, u0 Lupyrgus, but must be called Echinocucumus hispidus (Barrett), 
= Echinocucumis typicus, M. Sars; but Lchinosoma hispidum of Semper is 
the present species. 
