the Morphology of the Echinoderms. 107 



in 1882 *. I know that Prof. Perrier received copies of both 

 papers. In fact he quoted a portion of the second one (with- 

 out acknowledgment) in his brief notice of Democrinus in 

 the ' Comptes Rend us ' f. Nevertheless he stated in this 

 description that the basals of Rhizocrinus are ^' confondues," 

 while those of Democrinus are large and well developed, this 

 being the very character of Rhizocrinus which had been 

 pointed out four times by Pourtal^s and myself during the 

 previous thirteen years. 



A similar neglect of the work of other naturalists appears 

 in that section of the report on the * Blake ' Starfishes which 

 is devoted to the morphological signification of the odonto- 

 phore. Page 159 of this section is disfigured by two serious 

 errors. In one place we are told that " les pieces radiales " 

 of the young Starfish become the odontophores of the adult ; 

 and, as if to impress the characteristic symmetry of the Echi- 

 noderm type still more forcibly upon the mind of the reader, 

 the author continues " L'une de ces pieces radiales ne tarde 

 pas a presenter les sillons caracteristiques de la plaque 

 madreporique." 



Much has been written by LudwigJ about the morphology 

 of the odontophore in the Asterids ; but his name, like that 

 of Sladen, is conspicuous by the absence of any reference to 

 it in the memoir of Prof. Perrier. In fact, Ludwig's theory 

 that the periproct of an urchin is represented, not by the calyx 

 but by the ventral side of a Crinoid§, is put forward as a novelty 

 by Prof. Perrier II, who is apparently unaware that it was pub- 

 lished by Ludwig so long ago as 1880, and that the morpho- 

 logical difficulties which it involves were pointed out by 

 myself in the same year^. Even in those cases when Prof. 

 Perrier is compelled to take account of the work of another 

 author, he is often unable to quote correctly, and the results are 

 sometimes remarkably confusing. After reproducing (with- 



* " The Stalked Crinoids of the Caribbean Sea," Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool. vol. X. no. 4, 1882, p. 174. 



t " Sur un nouveau Crinoide fixe, le Democrinus Pm-faiti, provenant 

 des dragages du ' Travailleur,' " Comptes Rendus, tome xcvi. no. 7 , 

 pp. 450, 451. 



X ' Morphologische Studien an Echinodermen,' Bd. i. Leipzig, 1877, 

 pp. 228-234, 254-269 ; and also " Das Mundskelet der Asterien und 

 Ophiuren," Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. xxxii. 1879, pp. 672-688. 



§ Ibid. Tp. 688; and also " Ueber den primaren Steinkanal der Crinoi- 

 deen nebst vergieichend-anatomischen Bemerkungen iiber die Echino- 

 dermen iiberhaupt," ibid. Bd. xxxix. 1880, pp. 317-319. 



II Op. cit. p. 161. 



^ " Some disputed Points in Echinoderm Morphology," Quart. Journ. 

 Microsc. Sci, vol. xx. new ser. pp. 322-329. 



