Sponges from South Australia. 351 



Order V. ECHmONEMA. 



Families. Groups. 



'1, Pluriformia. 



a. Ectvonina. 



b. Echinonematina. 



c. Dictyocylindrina. 

 i. Ectyonida ^ 2. Plumohalieiondrlna. 



I 3. Microcionina. 

 I 4. Ectinoclatlirina*. 

 I 5. Baculifera. 

 I, 6. Hig<iinsina (new group). 

 f 7. Multiformia". 

 I a. Axinellina. 



I h. Phakellina. 



2. Axinellida ■{ c. Acantliellina. 



I d. Phycopsina. 



I e. Ptilocaulina. 



(_ /. Leucophloeina. 



Pseudoechinonemida (new | a. Echinonematina arenacea. 



family). ( h. Plumohaliclionclrina arenacea. 



Having premised the revision of my Order V., viz. EcHlNO- 

 NEMA, which time and experience up to now show to me to be 

 desirable, I will describe the sponges which Mr. Wilson has 

 kindly sent to me, under the groups to which they seem 

 respectively to belong, briefly, it is true, but sufficiently for our 

 present purpose. In this description it should be understood 

 that we are concerned now with these specimens alone, and 

 therefore that, where there are no representatives of any of the 

 groups mentioned in the Table last given (as, for instance, 

 the Ectyonina or Ectyones), this must be inferred, as it will 

 not be further noticed. 



As all the specimens come from the sea in the neighbour- 

 hood of " Port Phillip Heads," Victoria colony, south coast 

 of Australia, the " depth " alone will be inserted. Again, 

 the granulations on the surface, which are respectively com- 

 posed of tufts of the spicules of the species that thus terminate 

 the ends of the fibre and are often hispid, frequently serve to 

 distinguish the Echinonema from the Khaphidonema, 

 which, on the other hand, from their spicules being for the 

 most part confined to the fibre, do not present this echinated 

 appearance. The pores, too, which are situated in the dermal 

 membrane between the " tufts," are often unnoticed because 

 not often seen, although they may always be inferred to exist 

 in the position mentioned. 



All the measurements of the spicules are given in GOOOths 



* Ecliinoclathrata has been changed to Echinoclathvina for uniformity 

 only. 



24* 



