FORMING THE BAD LANDS OF JUDITH RIVER. 129 
Section of Fresh Water and Estuary Deposits at the Mouth of the Judith River. 
Yellow arenaceous marl passing downwards into gray grit, with seams of impure 
ING QORCects lignite; contains great numbers of a species of Ostrea, like O. subtrigonalis of 
the lignite basin, Cyrena occidentalis, Melania convexa, Paludina Conradi, ke. 
This bed caps the hills, and varies much in thickness. 
B| 10 feet. Impure lignite, containing much sand; a few specimens of Ostrea like the above, 
with much silicified wood. 
Alternations of sand and clay with particles of lignite; also reddish argillaceous 
concretions with a few saurian teeth and fresh water shells. 
C | 80 feet. 
Alternate strata of sand and clay, with impure lignite and silicified wood, in a good 
3 : 
D| 20 feet. state of preservation. 
Variable bed, consisting of alternations of sand and clay, with large concretions, 
containing great numbers of Melania, Paludina, Helix, Planorbis, Cyclas, &c., 
E | 100 feet. de., associated with saurian remains resembling the Jyuanodon and Megalosaurus, 
and Trionyx, ke. 
F | 25 feet Alternations of impure lignite and yellowish brown clay, the latter containing great 
A EEeN numbers of Unio, Paludina, Melania, Cyclas, and the fish remains referred by 
Dr. Leidy to the genus Lepidotus. 
Ferruginous sand and clay, having in the upper part a seam 3 or 4 inches in thick- 
@ | 100 feet ness, composed mostly of shells of Unio. Lower part ferruginous, and coarse 
j eray grit, with a seam near the base entirely composed of remains of Unio Danat, 
and U. Deweyanus, and U. subspatulatus. 
All the beds vary in their lithological characters at different localities. At one point, 
bed A. contained large ledges of reddish coneretionary sandstone, in which were most beau- 
tiful fragments of silicified wood, sometimes in nearly cylindrical masses, twelve inches in 
diameter and several feet in length. Near Cow Island vast quantities of shells occur in 
argillaceous and arenaceous concretions, in a very comminuted condition, as if they had 
been transported from a distance, very few of the fossils being sufficiently perfect to show 
clearly their specific characters. The beds of lignite in the Estuary deposit are very im- 
pure, containing a large proportion of coarse sand; they have ignited spontaneously in 
few localities. The lignite beds of the Marine Formation No. 1, are quite pure in many 
places, and exhibit the action of fire in the same manner as the lignite beds on the Yellow 
Stone and those on the Saskatchewan, so minutely described by Sir John Richardson. 
