ARTICLE XVII. 
Analytic Orthography; an Investigation of the Sounds of the Voice, and their Alphabetic 
Notation. By 8. 8. Haldeman. Read Oct. Tth, 1859. 
CHAPTER I. 
Comparative Grammar cannot acquire a scientific shape until it discards the pedantic fetters of orthography, and writes 
all languages according to one system; for things of a kind admit of a just comparison only when compared by the same 
standard. In this respect, philology is in its infancy, and we place difficulties where none are to be found in nature.— Rapp, 
Grundrisz der Grammatik des Indisch-europadischen Sprachstammes, 1855, p. viii. 
§ 1. The present tendency of science is to adopt standards of universal application, and 
it is usual for learned societies and associations, to have a permanent committee of research, 
consultation, and correspondence, with a view to bring about a uniformity of weights, mea- 
sures, and coinage. 
2. The advance of linguistic science demands a uniform nomenclature and notation for 
the phases of speech, so that the same syllable may be written in the same manner, 
wherever there is occasion to use it, just as every known plant and insect is recognised 
by a uniform Latin name among all who are familiar with botany and entomology. 
3. Although the want of a uniform mode of representing languages is felt as an urgent 
necessity, they have not been provided with a letter for each sound; whilst chemistry, 
(which is not studied by one in a thousand,) has a perfect notation, an alphabet of dotted 
or marked letters, to represent some sixty elements; and, as it were, spell all their ascer- 
tained combinations. 
4. Berzelius did not base his symbols on his native Swedish, but upon Latin, without 
even looking at the inconsistent and cumbersome notation which his predecessors of the 
last century had used, and which may be seen in their books, or in the Encyclopedia Bri- 
tannica, as late as the year 1798. 
* « Berzelius has properly selected them from Latin names, as being known to all civilized nations.’’— Turner's 
P p VW ? t=) 
Chemistry. 
WOlim Sd —— By 
