ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 283 
know,) so that zm is not to be read in the French manner, with the vowel of fat nasalised 
(as in vin wine) but with that of field, said to occur in the Portuguese im. 
96. Cay is always K in Latin (according to Latin authority,) as in Anglish, old high 
German (which also uses /,) Welsh, Irish, and Gaelic.* Hence, to confound the proper 
names CYRUS and SYRUS (except perhaps as English words,) or the Anglish cing (a king) 
with sing, is like saying sea for key and septic for sceptic. Gay is always as in give, get, 
never as in gipsy, gem, or as in French. 
97. H ts never silent, even in the interjection 0H, corresponding to the German ach, Irish 
och, &c. In representing certain Greek sounds, H is used after ©, P, R, T, to indicate their 
aspiration—a mode of writing which (except for Th,) was originally Greek. In some Latin 
inscriptions, the single elements v and @ are represented by H deprived of its first ver- 
tical line, and united into a single character with C and P. 
98. J, as in German, Belgian, Pelish, &., or English y in yet, year, never as in jet, jeer, 
or as in French. 
99. L, according to Victorinus, is made with the tongue and palate at the base of the 
upper teeth, which answers sufficiently to our 7. But Prisc‘ian assigns three powers to 
the Latin letter, one of which may have been the Polish variety. 
100. M as im man, but when final, as in the Portuguese bom, French bon (good) even 
when the next word begins with a vowel. N never indicates nasality, although Chavée 
(Lexiologie Indo-Européenne, Paris, 1849, p. 22,) asserts that it does in Greek, but appa- 
rently without any ancient authority. 
101. N has two powers, the first in no, the second in angle. The latter occurs in all 
cases before C, G, X, Q, where it was called N ADULTERINUM or impure. Nigidius Figulus, 
cites for it words like incurRiT and 1nGENUUS, where English practice would place pure n._ 
102. Q is a duplicate of Cay, and indicates that the V oo which follows it has the con- 
sonant power in well, and not the vowel power in ooze. 
103. R requires to be trilled. 
104. S has its Spanish power, as in hiss, not that in rose, miser, sure. Its power in miser 
occurs in Italian, German, and French, but not in Spanish. 
105. T as im tun, never as sin the French na-ti-on, nor sh in the English na-tion, nor 
ts in the German na-ti-on. 
106. V when a consonant, always as English w. (See § 93 note on V.) This is the 
opinion of Bentley, Pennington, Key (Penny Cyc.,) John Jackson (Chronological An- 
* Among the inscriptions of the Vatican, we observed the name Hutychia in one place as EVTYCIA in Latin 
letters; and the Latin words 1n pAcE borrowed in a Greek inscription under the form EN//AX A, as one word. 
VOL. XI.—37 
