284 ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 
tiquities, London, 1752,) Payne Knight, Rapp, Hichhoff, Webster, Chavee, Donaldson, 
the author of “Living Latin,’ London, 1847, and Prof. John F. Richardson, (Roman 
Orthoepy, New York, 1859.) The Rev. Henry Thomson (Encyc. Metropolitana) says, 
“There is no evidence whatever that the Digamma or the Latin V was thus pronounced,” 
that is, as English w. On the contrary, there is no evidence that English v was known 
to the Roman grammarians; it is a vocal jf, yet / is the only element described as being 
made by the contact of the lower lip and upper teeth. (See the descriptions of Terentianus, 
Victorinus, and Capella.) 
107. X as cs (sometimes as gs, not gz,) even when initial. 
108. In Latin and Italian there are double consonants, both of which must be pro- 
nounced. Thus the dd in allégoria are to be sounded like J-/ in all-loving; mn in pénna 
(a feather) as in the Italian Gio-van-ni (John.) his ts entirely different from the im- 
proper use of doubled characters in German, French and English, to indicate etymology, 
the shortness of a preceding vowel, or the quality of a sound. 
HEBREW IN LATIN LETTERS. 
109. The powers of the Hebrew letters agree very well with those of Latin as given here, 
so that in general, a proper name will have the same sound if read in Hebrew or Latin, 
that is, when the same sounds exist in both languages. Latin could not represent He- 
brew shin, (English sh,) and took s instead, and English commonly follows Latin, but 
sometimes takes sh directly from the Hebrew. Neither Latin, Greek, nor English takes 
the Hebrew, archaic Greek, and perhaps archaic Latin Q, which represents a glottal / in 
Hebrew and its cognates. The use of this would have made the etymologic part of the 
transliteration more consistent. 
110. The following have Q in the original—Qemtél, amaléq’, Isaaq, Jaqob (with Eng- 
lish y,) Joqshan, Qa-in (Cain, a dissyllable,) Qadésh, Qirjath, (Hnglish y.) 
1il. As examples of the vowels, we have forms like Séir, S*atl, Sodém, Edom, Nod, 
Ammo6n, Enoch, Enos, Nimréd, Simeon, Lot, Magog, Rehoboth, Ashteroth, Ludtim, Luz, 
Shir, Baz, Judith (Eng. y,) Retibén, Béthél (not be-thel,) Bethtiél, Rachel, Joséph (Eng. 
y;) Beéri, Beérsheba, Adbeél, Magdiél, Tarshish, Dan, Gad. 
112. V stands for English w in Lévi, Javan (Eng. y,) Arvadite, Ninevéh. 
113. H as a final consonant occurs in Noah (whence the adjective Noachian,) Nineveh, 
Gomorrah, Sarah, Rebeqah, Mileah, Machpélah; but not in Abidah, which ends with a. 
A different aspirate (the eighth Hebrew letter,) occurs in Hebron, Héth, Zohar, Gaham, 
Nahor. 
