286 ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 
117. The characters §, H, P, X, have not the same power in Greek and Latin, which 
causes great inconvenience, and tends to prohibit the use of the proper Greek characters, 
for manuscript forms, most of which arose in the 7-10th centuries.* This difficulty should 
be removed by using ¢ or €, for which authority may be found in Greg. Placent. p. 106, 
plate; and in the ELementa EpicrapHices GRAECAE of Franz, Berlin, 1840, p. 245 below. 
P should have the upper projection cut away, the angle rounded (P,) and the curve thick 
above, and tapering downwards. H might have the Coptic form (H) and (X) would be 
nearly the Coptic Z. 
118. 7,7, 5 before 7, % %, zy, has the proper of ng in sing or n in ancle, angle, as in &fevios 
(curved,) Latin angiltis (an angle.) Words like sing cannot be represented in Greek and 
Latin, because the ng sound is not made except in connection with a following guttural. 
In these pages / will be used for the nasal sound. 
119. @ is written with ph in the Roman alphabet. It differs from F in not being 
made by the lower lip and the upper teeth, but by the contact of both lips, as in blowing. 
120. V was originally a Greek letter with the power of ooze, and from this the later Y, 
Y (French uw) seems to have been formed, either to indicate the pursing of the lips by the 
contraction of the base, or to show its relation to I. Y had not the pinched sound of French 
win the EKolic dialect, nor as the second element of the labial diphthongs; hence av agrees 
with English ow and German au, in brown, braun. 
121. Diphthongs, Av as in aisle; or like o-y in go-ye; w. the same lengthened; a like e-y 
in get-ye; m the same lengthened; and in all cases, the first element has its proper power. 
ACCENT. 
122. The accent of Greek differs from that of Latin in falling upon the last syllable, as 
well as upon the second and third from the end. ‘There are three varieties, the acute (’) 
and grave (‘,) used with long and short syllables, but the grave restricted to finals; and 
the circumflex, (°~) which is a union of the others, used with long final or penultimate ~ 
syllables. 
123. The acute accent indicates the chief stress, the grave a secondary one. <A word 
bearing an acute accent on a final syllable, may have it changed to a grave in the middle 
of a sentence (as being weaker among other syllables,) although the acute would be pre- 
served at the close, as in the English sentence (writing detain in Greek characters) “I 
*See EpiromMe GRAECAE PALAEOGRAPHIAE ET DE RECTA GRAECI SERMONIS PRONUNCIATIONE DISSERTATIO 
AYCTORE R. P. D. GREGORIO PLACENTINIO, ROMAE, MD. CC. XXXv. This work is abundantly illustrated with 
figures. 
+ Haldeman, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1849, p. 171; Castanis, The Greek Exile, Philad., 1854, p. 246; H. A. So- 
phocles, Greek Alphabet, 1854, p. 118—14. 
