ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 287 
will not deci ény longer, I will not dec7¥v. So the second syllable of renéwed is acute com- 
pared with the first, but if we say “buds are renéwed évery spring,” it becomes grave in 
comparison with the acute accent of every. 
124. In strict accuracy, the acute accent seems to have been rather at the end of the 
vowel or syllable, the grave at the beginning, and the circumflex in the middle, corresponding 
respectively to the crescendo —=, the diminuendo =, and the swell —=>— in music. 
The following are offered as English approximations:—séa-dog, séed-ing, strai-ning, cara- 
van, caravansery, careful, élecampane, undéviating, unconstititionality, incontéstibility. . 
125. As English has sounds unknown to the Greeks and Romans, it would be difficult 
to find a line of English which they could represent or read correctly if written in their 
alphabets. For example— 
“The proper study of mankind is man,” 
seas l TPT OT..0.0 0 fle DKAVO 2 fL..Y— 
DHI PR..PR ST..D.. .. M..NCAIND .. M..N— 
cannot be written, because the power of ¢/ in the, the vowels of study, the vowel and v in 
of, the vowel and z sound of és, have no proper characters, and the existing ones do not 
allow of the English latitude of power. Similarly, the line—Those things hanging within— 
contains but four letters (0, 4, Vv, and final x) which would be written and read by a Ro- 
man in this connection. In the following examples, the Greek, Latin and English elements 
are nearly identic. 
arm hold pure bind hero cone scheme town sweet useful wine fed 
dp ord meso favd tow xzwy  oxep TODY OT cOUG..82 80.y  ..€0 
ARM HOLD PJUR BAIND HIRO CON SCIM TAVN SVIT JUSFUL VAN F..D 
Here, the Greek :, #, being properly vowels, z#o and os:c admit of being read as dissyllables, 
so that they are not true representatives of pure, sweet, nor would the Latin forms have 
been, before the modern separation of I,J, and V,U. 
THE DIGAMMA. 
126. The inconvenience of one letter for the sounds of ooze and well, although not felt by 
some who have proposed English alphabets, was appreciated to some extent by the ancients. 
The sixth Hebrew letter wow (in wound from wind) was represented in archaic Greek by 
the ‘digamma’ F (the original of the Roman F,) and it is possible that in some dialects this 
had the power of German W and Ellenic (Romaic) 3, the sonant of @ §119, that is, a con- 
sonant akin to English v, but made with the lips alone. 
127. W is the proper character for this aspirate B, it was made for it, and is still in ex- 
tensive use as its representative. ‘“ W is of German origin, and occurs first in the name 
of Witiges, anno 536, on coins.’”’—Kraitsir’s Glossology, p. 98. 
