302 ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 
197. The liquids do not include the nasal mutes m, n, ng, although on a cursory view, 
a table like the following, which would associate J, m, n, 7, would satisfy most gramma- 
rians. 
( little, ' liquids, w, l, r, y. 
: nasals, m. n, (r,) ng. 
Voice Interrupted, , m,n, (r.) ng 
much, mutes, p, b, f, t, &e. 
This is incorrect, because, if n as a nasal d, is to be thrown out of the mutes into ano- 
ther division, we must throw a nasal / out of the liquids to form still another. For the 
existence or non-existence of such an / in nature, has nothing to do with the question of 
arrangement. But Medhurst (Dict. p. xxxii) mentions such a sound in Chinese—“ when 
it is joined to a nasal final, the power of the / is in a great measure merged in the nasal, 
in which case it acquires a sound something similar to n.” This 1, is liquid No. 1 in the 
scheme. ‘“ w"a is the same with the 20th final Awa, only pronounced with a strong na- 
sal termination, as if written koo-w"a.” Medhurst p. xxxv. This seems to be w, No. 1 of 
the scheme. Bohtlingk mentions a nasal of German J. Compare Albanian nji, (one) 
a nasal sylable. 
198. In the dental column, No. 6 is a vocal aspirate lh, which we attribute provisionally 
to Irish, its surd cognate being in Welsh. In the next column there is a Sanscrit letter 
which should probably be located farther back than 7, s. It may have been a French j 
nasal afflate (4,) No. 2 of the palatal contact. 
199. According to the description of Sir Wm. Jones,* the cerebral D can hardly be a 
pure mute, for—“ When the tongue is inverted with a slight vibratory motion, it has a 
mixture of the ra, with which it is often, but incorrectly confounded.” Colonel Vans 
Kennedy+ observes that cerebral 7’ “is peculiar to the Sanscrit alphabet, and in sound par- 
takes of d and r.’ The effect of such a sound would recall a vocal sonant untrilled r, but 
with Mr. Ellis, we think these descriptions unsatisfactory. 
* On the Orthography of Asiatick words, Asiatic Researches, London 1801, vol. 1. The following is an extract 
from p. 33:—‘ Agreeably to the preceding analysis of letters, if I were to adopt a new mode of English ortho- 
graphy, I should write Addison’s description of the angel in the following manner, distinguishing the simple 
breathing, or first elements, which we cannot invariably omit, by a perpendicular line over the first or second 
vowel.” (In ‘sm’ for some, and ‘sch’ such, the vowel is understood after s, as in Sanscrit.) 
“So hwen sm énjel, bai divain camand 
Widh raisin tempests shécs a gilti land, 
Sch az av lét ér pél Britanya past, 
Calm and sirin hi draivz dhi fyuryas blast, 
And, pliz’d dh’ almaitiz arders tu perform, 
Raids in dhi hwerlwind and dairects dhi starm.” 
+The same author thinks that Sanscrit dzh, tsh, becoming y, and that sh became Greek & and Persian kh— 
thus taking, as we believe, the younger for the older, and reversing the course of the transmutation. 
