ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 309 
like the Welsh. In the first syllable of penki (five) it takes the labial with the Welsh, 
and in the second the guttural with the Ivish.* 
225. The Latin QVI (who) is pwy in Welsh (with p educed from w,) and CI in Irish, 
Persian, Turkish, Hungarian, French (qui,) and Italian (chi.) Latin EQ..Vus, CAB-ALLus 
(horse) Welsh ¢6-ol, English cob, Gr. tzzo¢ and fzxoc, Irish ach. The Latin aqva gives the 
Sanscrit dp, the Rhaetian and local Spanish awa, the Austrian ach, Lettish akka and 
Welsh ach and aw. The Sanscrit prat’hamas (first) gives the Greek zp@coc and Latin. 
PRIMUS: and Latin Tempus gives to English time and tense (through old French temps,) 
the m being assimilated to n by the influence of s. 
226. In comparing Latin and its cognate the ancient Oscan, we find that the latter 
rejected the guttural in similar cases, and used P instead of V;—NEQUE nep; QVOS pus; 
QVAM pam; QVIDDAM pidum; QVIS pis; Qvi piel. (Mommsen, Oskische Studien, 1845-6.) 
227. The nature of the relation between the German bei and English lead may be 
understood from the following table: 
Greek 1h om AS DN BAkOh ONG 
Latin P.. LUmB.. U™ m educed from B. 
Anglish b.. 10m... a whence a bloom of metal. 
SOW. oo WG) N7 
Welsh p.1lwm 
Danish b..1y.. .. .. and dod a plummet. 
German b.. 1 ei 
Einglish .. .. lea. ad .. lode, plumb, plummet. 
There is a Greek form pd2:800<, probably newer, because the V (of the Latin form) is 
seldom derivable from I, but often from Y. 
228. Absorption (eiséresis) is the reverse of eduction, and is a kind of elision in which 
an element is lost when two belonging to the same contact occur together. Thus / has been 
absorbed by din solder, and m by p in the Spanish copilar from the Latin original of compile. 
* «The combinations gu-, khu-, or ew-, khw-, require investigation phonetically. Why should a labial after a 
guttural be easy? simply because of the ease of preparation, the lips being quite free in the first. But why 
insert a labial between the guttural and vowel? I think in some cases to keep the guttural from palatisation,— 
khwit running no chance of falling into &jhi. In other cases, it may be that the lips leaving the throat free, the 
vowel is more readily prepared. When the mouth is used to this combination, it takes to it readily. Thus bhelf 
becomes guel/, but why does bhaib'ling become gibellzn’ and not guibelitn’?—You assume the double form to have 
been the more ancient; but here we have a known case of the double form being more recent; and a case of the 
single guttural being more recent than the single labial. JI think the conclusions of § 224 are therefore hazard- 
ous.” —LHilis, MS. note. 
} In all such cases as the last two, Mr. J. P. Lesley thinks the analogy maintained by the loss of a labial from between 
the vowels; he therefore reads b..le..i, le..ad, and considers the full or typical form to have been podv(a)doc. 
Proceed. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. VII. p. 134. In the Old English of the Legenda Aurea, the metal /ead stands 
“leed,’ =LED, and /ed as ‘ ledde.’ 
