ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 317 
265. Maraud; Welsh mor (the sea,) morawd (a seafaring,) ei Forawd (his seafaring,) 
which suggests Foray, and the Irish foraim a journey; Old French /orer to forage. 
PERMUTATION. 
266. Permutation is the interchange of consonants of the same contact, and the well- 
knowa Grimm’s Law, is a permutation analagous to the law of the vowels already stated. 
267. B, P, F, M, &. Latin FiBér, Polish bobr, Eng. beaver, Sw. befwer—skewer, skiver, 
—lieu, leftenant, lief,—eladiUs, glave,—aBsentia, Sp. awsencia,—Anel. oredh, Eng. breath, 
—Hungarian kradsalni, krapsalni, kramsalni, to s-cribble—Greek Merd and I/eda, German 
mit, Eng. with,—Latin ciMiults, Dan. hod, Ger. haufe, Eng. heap,—Polish barwa, Ger- 
man /arve, color. 
268. D, T, Th, L, N. Swedish, liten and litet, Eng. littte,—Dan. te/t, Eng. tent, Lat. 
aNima, Sp. adma,—Rhaetian faulsch, and fodsch, a falchion,—Lat. 6D6r, Sp. o/or,—Lat. 
perDix, Ital. pernic,e, a partridge,—Hungarian legy (with a d) and leny, being,—Ger. 
ding, Sw. ting, Eng. thing,—Eng. thorn, Ger. dorn, Sw. Dan. torn. The American tribes 
of Menomonies and Assiniboins, were formerly known as Madominis and Assinipoils. 
269. R,S,&c. Require, requisition,—hurrah, huzza,—raise, rea7’,—jeer, jest,—this, these, 
—Ger. frieven, to freeze,—Latin Robtir, a kind of oak, Sibér, the cork oak. In French 
and English, s between two vowels usually becomes sonant, as in misery, deposit, busy, 
the sonancy of the vowels being communicated to it. 
270. As Latin was without the sound of sonant s, the tendency to form it between two 
vowels had to take another course. In poetic Latin the word for tree was ARBos, which 
in the regular genitive case would make arbosis, but arboris was preferred, and the con- 
stant presence of 7 in the oblique cases induced (§ 214) its presence in the nominative ar- 
bor. Latin ms (brass, pronounced ice) mis, Gothic ais, aizis, with French ai andz. Latin 
spés (hope, pronounced space, but long,) spéraré (to hope.) Nearly parallel with these, 
are the permutations of the true palatals. 
271. G,C,J, Ng. As G and J have the same co-relation as B and V, they are equally 
permutable, as in regal, royal,—garden, yard,—Sp. pagar, Fr. payer, to pay,—Gr. yaw, 
Ang. geonan, Eng. yawn,—Old Frisian iest and gast a ghost. In vulgar English y is 
educed from cay, gay, as in kind, cow, card, pronounced cJaND, CJA‘V, CARD. 
272. The Greek yx loses its aspiration in English, as in ydog chaos,—ze‘yw, Gothic laigo, 
to lick,—yoi% gall,—ypiopa (chrism, and) grease. Spanish j (g) and Latin J, C, G, are 
permutable in Sp. enojar (to weary,) Fr. ennuyer; Sp. gear, to eye, ogle, from 6Culus; 
léGibilis, Sp. legible. The Latin ‘J’ has acquired this power in Spanish, nearly corres- 
ponding to the conversion of ‘V’ to an ‘ F’ power, as in German, where v is /. 
