ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 32K 
and he represents and v as becoming “g soft” in passing from the Latin RABIES, ABBRE- 
VIARE, LUMBUS, to the French rage, abréger, longe,**—a transmutation which is almost im- 
possible. So Graff thinks that V in CAVEA became g in cage. 
318. Sullivan, Graham, and Lynd, represent the dental consonant / as frequently 
passing into the labial vowel w, a phenomenon of which we do not recollect an example. 
They cite for it Latin soniparr, French soudre (to soder,) and Latin autus (high) com- 
pared with the French vowel haut. These are examples of the loss of /, as in calf, folk, | 
(perhaps absorbed by d and ¢,) and of the vowel change of O to U, (as in gold, goold,) 
and from A to O, (written aw in French.){ But such authors mistake characters for 
elements, spelling for etymology, and the flourishes of the writing master for the modifi- 
cations of speech. 
319. According to Sullivan, h is prefixed in passing from the Latin oLEU™ (oil) to 
the French hwile, which has as little aspiration as the English word oi. G is said to be 
inserted in ‘Bretagne’ from BRITANNIA (although there is no addition whatever,) and in 
‘erange’ from GRANUM, which could not have produced it, although GRANArJum might. 
Nor is there any change from v to g in DILUvJum deluye, or of 6 to g in RUBEUS rouye. 
In fact, it is difficult to see how sALyAre sawver should be considered a transmutation of 
to u, and RuBgEus roUge not be regarded as the same law applied to 6 and w—although 
both views would be equally incorrect. 
320. The magazine quoted, praises Dr. 8. for the extent to which he has referred 
English words to Latin originals, and Dr. Bosworth, in the kindness of his heart, says,— 
“JT wish you would turn your attention to the Anglo-Saxon, German, or Teutonic part of 
our language. You have well proved our obligations to the Latin and Greek.” Among 
these, haugh-ty is referred to al-tus, although it is akin to high, Belgian hoog (hogh) with 
a guttural which ALTUS cannot account for. Hawk is referred to Latin falco, instead of 
Anglish hafoc, Welsh hebog, English hobby. Finally, he pronounces Richardson’s “far the 
best, and, indeed, the only complete Etymological Dictionary of the English Language 
that has yet appeared.” 
321. Fine (a mulct) is referred to Finis, end, limit; but (with the law Latin Finis) it 
seems to be a different word, the Gr. zo} (a fine,) Latin Poena, pain, punishment; 
punio, I punish. Compare Patér and Father. 
* But compare Jendes (loins) of Chaucer, German lende, Lat. CcLUNIS;—REGIO VEL PARS LUMBEA, the lumbar 
(loin) region or part. ‘ 
+ Althochdeutscher Sprachschatz, vol. 1, p. 614. 
{The obvious explanation of these examples may be found in Béhtlingk,—iiber die Sprache der Jakuten. 
St. Petersburgh, 1851; p. 4, note 9. He cites galdere, aldace, &c., of the Florentine dialect, for gaudere and 
audace, as a change from w to 7; but it is rather the loss of w and the eduction (§ 208) of 7 from the cognate d. 
