342 ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 
390. The character preferred here is a modification of «, being (€) a form of Greek type 
in use, to be assigned to French é. If the Roman alphabet is adhered to, the type can be 
made by cutting away the right half of ‘e; and é can be made in the same manner, 
retaining the circumflex,—or excluding it, and mutilating the type less than for é, giving 
it the appearance of Anglish €. But (¢) a character formed from (“) Greek oméga, is 
preferred for the é sound, and accentualised letters are not to be used to indicate quality. 
a. We quote here doubtfully, a Suabian open vowel perhaps between there and wp, and 
heard in reiten, seide, weiss, fenster, stéllé, and in régen (to move,) whilst régen (rain) has é. 
@, in vein, eight. : 
391. The English ay in pay, paid, day, weigh, ale, rage, is short in weight, hate, acre, 
A*mos, A*bram, ape, plague, spade. German wéh (wo,) réh (roe,) jé, planét, méer, 
méhr (more, but mahr tidings has é,) édel, éhre, jéd6ch. The Italian “e chiuso” has this 
quality, as in malé, ottobré (with “o chiuso,”) but it is nearly always short. Most authors 
assign this sound to French 6€, called ‘é fermé, but Dr. Latham assigns this é@ a closer 
aperture, for he says—“This is a sound allied to, but different from, the a in fate, and 
the ee in feet. It is intermediate to the two.” a. Dankovszky says the Hungarian 
““é est medius sonus inter e et 1,” but his ‘e’ is uncertain. Olivier (Les Sons de la Parole, 
1844,) makes é identic with I in the position of the mouth. 
@ in -ment, -ence. 
392. There is an obscure vowel in English, having more aperture than that of 7//, and 
less than that of aid. It is used to separate consonants by such an amount of vocality as 
may be secured without setting the organs for a particular vowel. It is most readily 
determined between surds, and it is often confounded and perhaps interchanged with the 
vowel of up. It occurs in the natural pronunciation of the last syllable of worded, 
blended, splendid, sordid, livid, ballad, salad, surfeit, buffet, opposes, doses, roses, losses, 
misses, poorer, horror, Christian, onion, and the suffixes -ment, -ant, -ance, -ent, -ence. 
392a. Perhaps this vowel should be indicated by the least mark for the phase of the 
least distinctness (§ 484,)—-a dot beneath the letter of some recognised vowel of about 
the same aperture. It is so evanescent, that it is often replaced by a consonant vocality 
without attracting attention, as in saying hors’z, horsz, horszs, or (using a faint smooth 
7,) hors"z. 
392b. Rapp uses ‘a’ for this sound, and for the closér form allied to urn, placing it in 
must, honey, a, an, master, fever. H.M. Parkhurst uses a tailed ‘e’ in présent, convenient, 
universe, order, and in the suffixes -er, -ent, -ency, -ment; and the vowel of wp, in up, 
money, impression, occur, some. Longley uses e in earth, verb, first, person, deserve, sir, 
