358 ANALYTIG ORTHOGRAPHY. 
they may be considered the lenis forms of s,z; and if they are such, then t-f for tsh is 
less philosophic than ‘sr, which, however, interferes with our ordinary habits of notation. 
473. Those who would write this tsh with one character, have not provided for cases 
where the ¢ may be adapted to the sh of another word (Rule 4, §59,) as in—a¢ shore; or 
where an antecedent ¢, d, may keep the ¢ of tsh from sliding back, as in—that child,—bad 
choice, or the reversal of sh in hush’t, watch’t, whatever this final ¢ may be. 
474. L is the surd Welsh aspirate ‘ll,’ which we think occurs sonant in Irish, where it 
is considered to be a kind of d. We have heard the Welsh 7/ in Creek, Choctaw, and 
Cherokee. 
475. The following are ecamples from the musical Creek (an English name,) more cor- 
rectly—miascodcu (c as &,) in which the name of the “large river,’ Withlacoochee, and 
“fioured rock river” Chattahoochee, are respectively— 
uj llacu’tst, tse tu hv’tsv ; 
the former from u’jva (water,) and jlaci (large,) lldcumahi (larger,) Iacv/a (largest.) All 
the vowels are short, and dotted j is the guttural coalescent. 
476. We are doubtful whether the French J, 7, of simple, maitre, are whispered (sx, pl, 
metr,) or surd aspirate, but we incline to the former. Most French orthoepists do not 
mention this phase. 
AT7. Castrén uses an ‘1’ character with the appendage of ‘r’ for an intermediate sound 
in Samojedic, which has more of the (smooth?) 7 than /, although both are heard simul- 
taneously. In the absence of the proper type, it may be represented by a mutilated ‘h, 
as in feFre (half.) 
478. The Polish 1 is indicated by ‘1’ with a line through it in the direction of the acute 
accentual. We judge that it belongs to the Arabic linguals, and mark it (1) with a de- 
scending semicircle, cut from a comma point, or from an inverted (,) degree mark. 
479. There is in Sanscrit a kind of 7 which is regarded as a (long and short) vowel, and 
if we touch the palate lightly and try to pronounce A, there is so little interruption that 
the sound seems a vowel until the removal of the tongue (the vocality continuing) 
exhibits the / quality. 
480. The L is less interrupted with open vowels, as in Latin ala (a wing,) than with 
close ones, as in eely, and the two can be discriminated when detached. The Sanscrit 
sound may have been still less interrupted, as if we were to pronounce e// without bring- 
ing the tongue in contact. 
481. Hichhof’ figures the Sanscrit letter by A. (with a similarly formed R, also used in 
astronomic typography for right ascension,) but with the small letters he follows Bopp 
in placing @ dot below. Ellis uses 1, and Lepsius / with a circle below, which we adopt. 
