ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 363 
502. Armenian and Turkish have a smooth (i. e., an untrilled) tactual 7, much like the 
Spanish 77, if not the same, and with that, requiring farther investigation and comparison. 
Our impression is, that this oriental 7 may belong to the series of the Arabic linguals, in 
which case its letter would be r,, as in Turkish (with Latin letters) jiv,mi (twenty-one, ) 
whilst Turkish kermec (to give) has the ordinary or trilled r. 
503. English smooth r, in curry, acre (a-cr,) begr, grey, curt, is formed by much less 
contact than the European and Asiatic 7 requires. It is the true liquid of the s contact, 
and allied to the vowel (e) in wp, a character to be formed provisionally from italic . 
Ellis writes it 2. 
504. The Sanscrit vowel r, long and short,—written by Lepsius with 7 and a circle 
below, and ’r by Ellis, should probably be figured on this basis. 
505. A more open, smooth r, is found in cur, fur, far, more, which may be marked in 
Ellis’s mode, with an r having the stem continued down to the length of ‘1;——or with (1) 
Anglish s. We use the latter in our examples. 
506. If. Hillis regards ‘fur’ as f and this open 7, without a vowel between, and 
Kneeland had a character for ur. We regard fur as having the open vowel v (with which 
the consonant is allied,) short, the quantity being confined to the consonant (/ur=fe’r’,) 
and the tongue moving from the vowel to the consonant position. 
507. The same open consonant occurs in arm, worm, turn, ore; and although, for a 
particular purpose we have cited arm as long (§93,) it contains a short vowel (arm) and 
long or medial consonant. 
508. Jf we write rn for wn, and f’r, or fr, for fur, we certainly cannot represent far, 
four, in the same manner. Moreover, we may dissyllabise pr-ay on a trilled or a close 7, 
and monosyllabise it p’ray with the most open. 
509. At one time the discussion of the English letters led to a curious result. When 
the difference between the open r of tarry (from tar) and the close one of the verb tarry, 
was ascertained, an identity of vowel and of consonant was represented,—a greater error 
than to speli more and moor, fairy and ferry alike, or pres-d for prest. 
510. The Welsh surd aspirate rh (‘r) may be the smooth element. We do not remember its 
character upon this point. The French -tre, -pre, is trilled, and perhaps rather whispered 
than aspirate. 
511. The Polish rz, Bohemian 1’, is a trilled (and as we believe) aspirate 7 (sonant and 
surd) made simultaneously with zh (}) or sh (c.) See Hllis, Essentials, p.50. One hypo- 
thesis has been given in § 200, another presents itself in the probability that it has arisen 
from an attempt to yotacise 7, yotacism being common in the Slavonic languages. § 519. 
VOL. XI.—47 
