368 ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 
Ang. cing, Irish, ceann, Welsh, ctin, Eng. king. cANncrR, Ohg. cancur, Eng. canker. 
cancer, Ger. kerker, Ohg. carcare, karkari, (prison.) cITHARA, Obg. citara, Eng. guitar. 
GENU, Ohg. cneo, chniu, kniu, Ang. cneov, Eng. knee. cogvus, Ohg. koch, coch, choe; 
Ang. coc, Eng. cook,=cve, le Uk, kuk. 
537. We rather prefer G, for the nasal of sing, because it tells what the phase is, and we 
are averse to associating the sound with an n-character, which would be paralleled by 
representing d with a g character. It is the English and German vg in sing,* finger,= 
Eng. fic.er, Ger. fier, (§20-22.) It is common in Greek and Latin, rare in Italian, and 
unknown to Russian and normal French; but we have heard it in the Provensal dialect 
at Marseilles, in Savoy, and in the Bearnais of Pau. It occurs in Spanish, Catalonian, 
Armenian, and in the Tonga group. 
538. Pitman, Ellis, &c., use y, y, and Comstock, n, which have the advantage of being 
like ‘5, the representative of the allied liquid. Others use the same small letter with 
the end turned towards the right, which is less convenient in print. We recommend Mr. 
Pitman’s form, because it may be introduced into Latin (like J for I,) which we dare not 
do with G. Béhtlingk and Sjogren use H, (a nasalised Russian N,) which is wrong in 
theory. In the less modern alphabets, ng is used. Eichhoff uses N; Marsden, ng circum- 
flexed; Lepsius, n with a dot above, and Max Miiller, a capital N. We use / temporarily, 
because it is accessible in Greek typography. 
26 %q@ 4%, curd. §525. 
ne Leyte * y, sonant. 
539. There are three surd, and two sonant Germanic aspirates; the first (¢) in ich is 
the smoothest and most anterior ($471,) forced forward by the closure required for close 
vowels;—the second (¢) in ach, buch, the Greek y, and according to some (but doubtfully) 
the Spanish j (jota;)—the third, the rough Swiss vibrant aspirate, as in wch=ioy—a 
sound we have heard in Lenape. We have also heard the Swiss sound untrilled, as in 
yanton, a canton. In the Swiss dialect, it does not vary before 7, e, and from the slight 
vowel interposed in the word ich, the position of I seems too narrow for it, although they 
say guot for giit good, gediont, &c., where id accounts for the German and English te 
spelling. 
540. We cannot determine the relation of this y to the oriental aspirate of Q, (or surd of 
ghain,) having heard them at distant periods; but they are probably distinct. 
541. We use y provisionally (§386) for any Germanic or other allied ch sound which 
* We have known a distinguished scholar to contend that ‘sing’ ought to be pronounced sing-g, because it has 
a final g in the spelling. This shows that the advantages of fondtept (compare cAnept,) are not confined to the 
unlettered. See $27, note. 
