ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 369 
has not been particularly described or discriminated, although the proper power of y is 
that in the German buch. Pantoléon, who speaks Ellenic, ascribes to Greek y both the 
sounds of buch and ich. The smooth ¢ is heard (before e, 7,) in the Spanish general, 
registro, (=cenéral, recistro.) 
542. ‘G is recognised in some dialects of German. We regard it as the sonant of ‘c. By 
G (7) we indicate the Ellenic (not Hellenic,) or modern Greek soft vibrant 7. None of 
these is the harsh oriental gh as we have heard it in Arabic and Armenian. This belongs 
to the deeper contact of Q. But most authorities consider the Germanic, Ellenic, and 
Oriental ‘“‘gh” identic. Lepsius uses 7 for (@) the incorrectly named “guttural 7,” and 
Paulmier uses r for Arabic ghain. See § 513. 
543. We adopt Mr. Ellis’s two key words betrogen (G) and konige (7, ¢,) for the spi- 
rants of g. He adopts an additional character (a tailed i) for Spanish j.— Universal 
Writing, &c. p. 6’. 
544. The following notations may be compared. Properly as the ¢ character (meaning 
the form of Pitman and Ellis, is formed on c, the ‘; should be formed on & with the same 
appendage. 
buch, ich, tage, taglich. 
COC Sn Gs oh 1) bata a4 
Ellis 5 G 8 g 
Lepsius _¥ x a ie r 
Miller ‘h ‘Y h ‘y 
LSD EM Hid admit} SY SR 
545. We follow Rapp, Bohtlingk, Sjogren, Castrén, Matushik, S‘ufiic’, and Poklukar, in 
adopting the character ‘J’ for the initial of the English year, Belg. jaar, and German 
jahr; Latin suGu™, Ital. jugo (and giogo,) Spanish yugo, Gothic juk, Ger. joch, Angl. 
geoc, joc, Eng. yoke, — JOC. J is used with its historic value in the English alphabets 
of Hart, 1851; R. R., Phonotypic J. 1846. p. 160; and the Rev. W. M. Reynolds, (Pre- 
sident of Wittenberg College, Ohio,) 1846.* 
546. The surd aspirate “J occurs in the English hue, hew;—yh of its discoverer Ellis. 
546a. Nasal J, occurs in Jakutish. Bohtlingk’s letter is j with a horizontal line through 
the top. We have heard it in Cherokee. 
* He says (Lit. Record of Penna. College, Vol. 1, p. 48,)—‘‘ The letters c, @, x and Y are rejected, the first 
three as superfluous, and the ¥ on account of its unsettled power in English as well as in other languages.” Here 
an author, by following Lepsius’s Rule III, p. 32, rejects y and adopts 7, whilst Lepsius does the reverse—thus 
demonstrating that the ‘rule’ which was unphilosophic is also impracticable, and therefore no Rule. See § 167, 
end of the note. 
