370 ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 
FAUCALS. 
QiqiaeG, Wis) 
547. By faucals we mean certain consonants of which the type is the oriental Q qaf, 
the 21st letter of the Arabic alphabet, and (>) the 19th of the Hebrew. Qaf is a kind of 
posterior cay, made behind the palatal veil, and therefore incapable of nasality. Guided 
by description, we pronounced them correctly (except ain) before hearing them in nature. 
548. The surd aspirate of Q is the seventh Arabic letter gha. Richardson says ‘‘it is 
generated by a gentle vibration in the throat.” .This removes it from Greek (y) and Ger- 
man ch. Its letter would be ‘Q, but as this implies a smooth form, it is better to indicate 
the vibration by Q, or still better Q. 
549. The sonant of Y is the 19th letter ‘ghain’ of the Arabic alphabet, and the third 
‘gimel’ (= cijmel,) of the Hebrew. We indicate it by 2 (not 2 with a straight base,) 
from its similarity to Q. The mark of vibration would be an advantage, and should a 
lenis form occur, its sign would be’2.* Richardson (Arabic Dict.) says correctly, that it is 
“articulated in the throat with a vibration producing a sound like that given to 7 by the 
Northumbrians, or the noise made in gargling. . . . It seems to bear the same relation to 
kh as b top.” It is not the German g in regen, § 542. 
550. We cite Armenian examples of Q, 2,—which, though identic with the Arabic equi- 
valents, they seem to have a dialectic variation, as we have heard Armenian ghain re- 
placed with Ellenic ghamma, §542. The letters are purposely varied for comparison, 
here and in the next paragraph. 
dand32 a, a cymbal. qele, the mind. 
ge Qevntrel, a neigh. Gate, a crucifix. 
551. As independent ple, t10, ely, can be formed without air from the lungs (§ 446,) so 
in the Chinook of Oregon, q/‘q is similarly treated, according to the pronunciation of Dr. 
J. K. Townsend, which we acquired. But Mr. Hale makes the sound ty], in which he is 
probably wrong, because all agree that the Chinook sound is a very difficult one to pro- 
nounce, whilst Hale’s is an easy combination. Moreover, the effect upon the ear is not 
unlike that in the word for thigh given in § 448, which we learnt in nature. In the fol- 
* Mr. Hale notices a sound which may be a variety of this, in the Patagonian language. It is formed in the 
innermost part of the mouth, which opens a little, the tip of the tongue being applied to the lower gum. The 
sonant of Q seems to occur in Berber, and dialectically in Arabic—judging from the paper of F. W. Newman, 
Esq., in the Philol. Soc. Proceedings, 1848 ,Vol. 1, p. 187. 
