Bi) ANALYTIC ORTHOGRAPHY. 
enunciation and separation of the following vowel from preceding sounds is more distinct. 
An exaggeration of this produces a kind of bleat, which is the true Arabic gain.’— 
Univ. Writing, p. 5” below. 
057. Lepsius says—< By closing the throat and then opening it to pronounce a vowel, 
we produce the slight explosive sound which in the Eastern languages is marked 
separately, but not in the European, except in the Greek. We perceive it distinctly 
between two vowels which, following each other, are pronounced separately, as in 
go “over.” Here the hamza is correctly described, and the English effect improperly 
referred to it. 
558. We do not think it necessary to represent the initial effect of at (at, or better— 
at, or .aat, with whispered a,) as distinguished from hat, unless the glottis is closed— 
and we do not mean the epiglottis, which cannot act in speech. 
559. We deem the effect in black “ink, aorta, go “Over, Fr. le “héros, as a separation 
akin to diaeresis (§168,) or an accentual difference without separation, as in zodphyte, 
nédphyte, zddlogy, nédlogy. 
560. Hiatus (°) is a break or pause commonly caused by dropping an intermediate 
element and not closing the remainder, the word and each of its constituents retaining 
their proper length, as in saying a ’orse (not a orse,) for a horse, or a “orse. See Ellis, 
Essentials, p. 41. It would occur in zo-ophyte, if the least pause were made, and 
avoiding hamza. 
561. Such a hiatus has been attributed to the name Hawai'i, as compared with the 
earlier New Zealand word hawaiki. But whilst one traveller called our attention to this 
‘hiatus, two others pronounced this word (as they believed) in the native mode, with a 
genuine hamza. (§568.) Wm. Ellis (Polynesian Researches, vol. 4, ch. 2,) does not 
mention anything of the kind in giving the pronunciation of Hawaz, but in his appendix 
on the language, he speaks of “‘a peculiar break” distinguishing o’u (J) from ow (you,) 
this being, as it seems, a diphthong beginning with true o. 
562. We do not adopt the two dots of §§227, 306, to indicate hiatus, because they are 
used for an etymologic “and not for a phonetic purpose; and because we prefer a sign 
more like that used for the (hamza, §568,) closure of the glottis—although hiatus does 
not belong to any contact. 
563. The sign (‘) represents the slight phase, whether aspirate, independent (§446,) or 
even vocal, at the close of abrupt syllables, as in tap, tub, or tubh. 
564. The sign (’) indicates the opposite phase to ‘, where the breath is not allowed to 
escape after tap’ (the lips remaining closed,) as in Chinese. This inconvenient notation 
is preferred to (’) because this is used to contradict aspiration like that of s, P, not the 
