CHAPTER III 

 DYNAMIC GEOLOGY {continued) 



PART II. GLACIOLOGY 



Dr. Mawson, Mineralogist, Chemist, and Physicist to our Expedition, proposes to deal 

 with the subject of Antarctic ice as a mineral, with special reference to granulation, 

 crystallisation, &c. We propose to divide this subject into land ice and sea ice. In 

 the matter of land ice we adopt H. T. Ferrar's classification,* who in turn has 

 followed Drygalskijf Heim, % H. Rink, § Argtowski, || and Gourdon.H We divide 

 the different type developments of land ice as follows : — 



1. Inland Ice. 



2. Ice Caps [Calottes, HocJilandeis). 



3. Piedmont Glaciers {Glaciers plats and Glaciers cotieres). 



{a) Piedmonts on land. 

 [h) Piedmonts aground, 

 (c) Piedmonts afloat. 



4. Glaciers of Greenland type, usually termed by us Outlet Glaciers or Spillway 



Glaciers. 



5. Glaciers of Norwegian type, flowing down defined valleys from large firnfeld. 



6. Glaciers of Alpine type {Glaciers encaisses). These di'ain small basins only. 



7. Clifi' Glaciers. Reconstructed (recemented) Glaciers. 



8. Hanging Glaciers. 



9. Corrie Glaciers, Cwm Glaciers, Cirques {Rare). 



10. Ice-slabs. These remarkable stagnant masses of glacier ice, without visible 



means of subsistence except to a limited extent from drift snows, are 

 considered by Ferrar to be peculiar to the Antarctic. They are either 

 " beheaded " glaciers which have lost their firnfeld, or are dune glaciers 

 formed in the lee of high mountains along the coastal strip.** 



11. Icebergs. 



12. Lake Ice. 



• Nat. Ant. Ex., 1901-4. Geology, p. 63. f " Grdnland Expedition," 1897. 



X Handbuch der Gletcherkunde. § Danish Greenland, 1877. 



II Expedition Antarctique Beige. Geologie — Les Glaciers, 1897-99. 



H Expedition Antarctique Frangalse, 1903-5. Charcot. — Glaciologie, Gourdon. Also " Le 

 Pourquoi-Pas ? dans 1' Antarctique," 1908-9. Charcot. 



** Similar glaciers are described from Alaska by S. K. Gilbert, Records of the Harriman Alaska 

 Expedition, vol. iii., "Glaciers." 



G 



