108 GLACIOLOGY 



beginning of December, remarked that scarcely any snow remained, in spite of 

 the fact that wind laden with drift snow had been blowing for three or four days 

 at the end of November. 



Cape Barne. Immediately to the north of the Skuary is the important Cape 

 Barne Glacier. This is also fed by the snows which lodge on the south-western 

 slopes of Erebus. It is about 2^ to 3 miles in width, extends several miles inland, 

 and terminates seawards in a magnificent ice-cliff. This measurement represents 

 the whole width of the cliff face from the cape to the north to the Skuary to the 

 south-east. The height of the clifi varies from about 50 feet to about 150 feet. 

 Where highest, about 3 miles beyond Cape Barne, it has advanced as a tongue 

 several hundred yards beyond the most westerly limit of the rest of the glacier 

 cliff. A view of the highest part of this ice-cliff is shown on Plate XXIV. Fig. 2, 

 with Cape Barne in the distance. 



The summit of Cape Barne is 300 feet above sea-level. 



Plate XXIV. Fig-. 1 shows a general view of this cliff lookina; southwards from 

 half-way between it and Cape Barne. 



A study of the sea ice at the base of the cliff did not show any evidence of 

 pressure ridges having been developed through forward movement of the glacier 

 mass. There was of course a well-marked tide crack, showing that the glacier 

 was aground. It may be concluded that the ice of the Cape Barne Glacier, if in 

 a state of movement, as is rendered probable by the presence of the crevasses, is 

 moving so slowly as not to crumple up the sea ice in front of it. That movement, 

 if any, is very slow is also proved by the fact that during the whole time Cape 

 Barne Glacier was under our observation, from September 1908 until early in 

 December, no large masses of ice were seen to break away from the cliff". Had 

 there been much movement in the glacier, obviously the upper part of the cliff 

 would soon have overhung its base, and under gravity large fragments would have 

 become dislodged, and would have broken up the sea ice at the base of the ice-cliff. 



From Cape Barne, which bounds the Cape Barne Glacier on the north, to 

 Horseshoe Bay, a total distance of about 4 miles, the coast was examined by us 

 in some detail, the area being near to our winter quarters, and the geological map 

 (Plate XCV.) was constructed by us from a plane table survey. 



From the Cape Barne Glacier to Horseshoe Bay the coast-line is mostly formed of 

 bare kenyte lava. At our winter quarters at Cape Royds we were particularly for- 

 tunate in having exposed to view a region intensely glaciated, which had formerly 

 been buried to a depth of fully 1000 feet under the ice of the Ross Barrier. 



The region abounded in ice-eroded lake basins and tarns, as well as in large 

 grooves, like small canals cut by the ice out of the kenyte lava. A typical groove 

 is shown in Fig. 1 of Plate XXV. 



This canal-like groove measures in width about G to 8 feet, in depth about 5 feet. 



The granite erratic in the photograph measures 4 feet by 3 feet by 2 feet. 



