THE TURK'S HEAD 227 



All the boulders observed in the agglomerates were of the same type as the 

 kenyte of the flow, and no erratics were seen, because the clifts are covered with 

 an ice-cap almost to their edge. 



A very noticeable point about the kenyte exposures was that along every line 

 of weakness, as, for instance, at a junction between rocks of a different hardness, 

 wind and water together had worked and hollowed out gullies of considerable size, 

 at the foot of which the weathered material was piled up in fan-shaped screes. 



The Skuary* The Skuary is an area of bare land abutting on the southern 

 border of the Cape Barne Glacier, and some 6 or 7 miles south of winter quarters. 

 On November 18th a trip was made with the motor to the Turk's Head, and the 

 Skuary was visited en route. The exposed land is about 2 J square miles in extent, 

 and, except for the cliff-feces along the shore, and some of the more important and 

 steeper of the hills and ridges, it is covered with a thick mantle of morainic material, 

 which seems to be, however, as far as could be judged in such a cursory visit, 

 mainly of local extraction. 



Some small fragments of tuff of a variety which is in situ at the Turk's Head 

 were noticed, but there seems to be a total absence of the plutonic, hypabyssal, and 

 sedimentary erratics of continental type with which Cape Royds is strewed. The 

 evidence points to recent glaciation by a local Erebus glacier, since the maximum 

 extension of the continental ice-sheet and, indeed, the Skuary is still bounded 

 on the side adjacent to the mountain by what is probably the shrunken remnant 

 of this same glacier. 



The moraines consist almost entirely of very similar rock to the country rock, 

 a compact brownish kenyte somewhat lighter coloured than those met with at 

 Cape Royds, and with rather clearer and lighter coloured porphyritic felspars. 

 This kenyte, being in an exposed position, is most beautifully weathered, and the 

 gravels which cover the depressions, and the bed of the various little rills that 

 drain the place, are full of felspars, mostly occurring as cleavage masses, though 

 some of them, to our surprise, were whole felspars, with their edges distinctly 

 rounded off" as if by the action of running water. A curious fact was that all 

 these felspars were so unaltered, chemically, that they were almost transparent and 

 a very light yellowish colour. 



The clifts in places are from 80 to 100 feet in height, and seem to consist of 

 lava-flows one above the other, and with scarcely any dip. 



Examined under the microscope, one of the specimens secured showed large 

 phenocrysts of anorthoclase and a few porphyritic crystals of olivine, embedded 

 in a holocrystalllne ground mass of interlacing felspar-laths Avith small grains 

 of leucite and some magnetite, and it thus appears to be of the same type as a 

 specimen collected by Ferrar in 1903 from the same locality, and described by 

 Prior in the Discovery Expedition Geological Memoir. 



* Since re-named Cape Evans by Captain Scott (1910). 



