SUMMARY 319 



noticed that, as shown on the map (Plate XCIV. of this chapter) illustrating the 

 main trend lines of the South Polar regions, that the main axes of fold in New 

 Zealand are also S shaped, the trend lines swinging round in the South Island 

 towards the south-east, so as to clear Campbell Island and leave it somewhat on the 

 west. This sharp south-easterly bend of the trend near Invercargill suggests that 

 the Macquarie Islands, as well as the Balleny Islands, probably belong to the western 

 side of the great horst. Possibly the great Te Anau fault, which so profoundly 

 affects the geology of the South Island of New Zealand, with its enormous throw 

 eastwards, is connected with the faulting on the west side of Ross Sea. 



As regards direction of horizontal movement, the Antarctic Andes of the American 

 side appear to have been tilted chiefly towards the Atlantic, but the evidence is as 

 yet too meagre for us to generalise upon it. We have as yet insufficient evidence to 

 say in what direction the strata of the horst in South Victoria Land have been tilted, 

 if they have been tilted at all. In New Zealand the strata have been folded 

 towards the Pacific Ocean. On the whole therefore, tectonically as regards faulting 

 but not as regards folding, tlie evidence seems fivourable for considering the great 

 horst of South Victoria Land, in spite of the dissimilarity of its eruptive as well as of 

 many of its sedimentary rocks as compared with those of the American Andes, to 

 be partly related to that great range, and possibly its fractures are not only con- 

 tinuous with those of the South American Andes on the one hand, but also with 

 those of the sub- Antarctic islands, like the faulted area of Campbell Island, and 

 with those of the Alps of New Zealand, on the other. A second possible view is 

 that the horst of East Antarctica swerves around to Prince Luitpold Land and 

 Coats Land, a quite possible structure. A third view is to correlate, as Professor 

 J. W. Gregoi'y has done, the horst of South Victoria Land with the coasts of 

 Tasmania and Eastern Australia as secondary Pacific or sub-Pacific coasts, while 

 King Edward VII. Land and Carmen Land may be correlated with the primary 

 Pacific coast of New Zealand. It is obvious that wdiichever, if either, of these 

 correlations may be adopted, the coast of South Victoria Land belongs to the 

 Atlantic type, as defined by Suess. 



The expeditions which are now being fitted out for further Antarctic exploration 

 this year should go far towards solving this great problem. 



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