so The Wagtails cf India. 



conceal entirely (as they do in Personata) , the brown portions of 

 the feathers. 



In the breeding" plumag'e the males and females of Personafa 

 are nndistinguishable^ except that in the males the wings vary 

 from 3 "6 to '6 1 inches, while in the females they seem to vary 

 from 3'4' to 3*55 inches. As regards Duhhunensis, the same 

 may be the case; but it is curious that I have no female 

 Dickhmensis of my own collecting-, or of which the sex has 

 been authenticated by a really careful and reliable observer, in 

 the same full breeding plumag'e as the males. In Alba the 

 female has always much less black upan the occiput, and the 

 chin and throat are a duller and browner black, and the same 

 difference somewhat exagg-erated may exist in the race we de- 

 signate Luk/mnensis. 



In winter, both Personata and Dtekhunensis entirely Jose in 

 both sexes the black of the head, which is replaced in the male 

 by a dark, in the female, by a lighter grey. 



The black of the chin, throat, and breast is reduced in BuJc- 

 Imnensin to a moderately broad, more or less cresceutic pectoral 

 band, with two ill-defined broken blackish stripes running up 

 the sides of the neck as it were from the points of the crescent, 

 which stripes, never I think entirely disappear, though in some 

 specimens they become neai-ly obsolete ; the broad white frontal 

 band remains unchanged in width or nearly so in the adult male, 

 though its color is less pure ; but in the female, it is gveatly 

 diminished in width so as in some specimens to become almost 

 obsolete, while in all specimens it is more or less overlaid with 

 sordid grey 



In Personata, on the other hand, the whole breast alwaifs re- 

 mains, black, and though the chin and upper part of the throat 

 are white, the lower part of the throat is still more or less 

 speckled with black. In the perfect winter plumage of both species 

 the amount of the black on the breast, sides of the neek, and 

 throat at once serve to distinguish the two species, but speci- 

 mens of Buhhmemis changing into winter plumage often (so 

 far as the amount of black on the throat and breast is eoneem- 

 ed) exactly resemble the perfect winter plumage of Personata, 

 and the only ready and unfailing diagnosis of the two species 

 is that in both sexes, and at all seasons, the ear- coverts and whole 

 aural region are in Personata black, blackish or dark grey ; in 

 Diokhunensis, pure white or greyish or sordid white. This mark- 

 ed difference coupled with the conspicuously greater amount 

 of white on the wings of Personata as compared with those of 

 Pukh'itnensis ought to render the separation of any specinjiens 

 of the two species comparatively easy. 



