268 THE SKULL AND TEETH OF ECTOPHYLLA ALBA. 
part in Vampyrops. ~ The masseteric muscle extends to the lower margin of the ascending 
ramus. The coronoid process is one-third smaller than in the genus last named. 
Dental formula: 1. 2 — c. + — prm. 2 — m. 2 & 2 = 28. 
The Teeth—Upper incisors conical; the centrals larger than the laterals with rela- 
tively broader bases. The centrals are separated from each other by a smaller interval 
than exists between these teeth and the laterals, or between the teeth last named and the 
canines. The canines are slender and slightly longer than the second premolar. The 
first premolar is pointed, root much exposed and is about one-third the size of the second. 
The first upper molar is quadrate with trenchant marginal cusps in position of proto- 
cone, paracone and metacone; the crown defined by these elements is concaye. ‘The 
second molar is pyriform, the base being toward the palate. A pointed marginal cusp is 
seen in the position of the paracone and a second in that of the metacone. The crown is 
concave and simple, save for a longitudinal ridge. The premolars and molars are separate 
from one another ; the greatest interval being between the premolars. 
The lower incisors are blunt cones, contiguous, filling space between canines; the 
teeth last named are deeply excavate posteriorly. Premolars are aciculate, the first tooth 
almost touching the canine and is smaller than second. The second tooth is deeply con- 
cave posteriorly with a conspicuous heel and cusp. The molars are subequal, without W- 
pattern. The first molar is obscurely quadrate, slightly narrowed in front with enormous 
sharply pointed paraconid; other cusps are absent; the lingual border is not raised. 
The second molar is subrounded, no trace of cusps being present other than a longitudinal 
ridge in the middle of the deeply excavate crown. The front and lingual borders of the 
tooth are greatly elevated, the former furnished with two sharp processes, the latter 
crenulate. The teeth are all separated from one another beyond the canine, the smallest 
interval being that between the canine and the first premolar and the widest between the 
premolars. : 
Letophylla is in alliance with Vampyrops. It resembles this genus in the upper 
incisors and first upper premolar being conical and in the prolongation of the palatal 
bones. The shape of the lower first molar possesses a large paraconid, but is without 
protoconid. In the dental characters last named ctophylla is like all other Steno- 
dermine, excepting Brachyphylla, Artibeus, Dermanura and Sturnira. 
The forms exhibiting the stunted, first, lower molar are again divided into two groups 
by the palate andthe lower jaw. In Chiroderma, Vampyrops and Ectophylla the palate 
is oblong ; the palate bone extends to a point answering to the anterior root of the zygoma, 
or eyen the posterior third of the arch, and the lower jaw has a well-defined posterior 
border to the ascending ramus, with no deflected angle. In Pygoderma, Stenoderma and 
