334 NOTES ON THE CANIDE OF THE WHITE RIVER OLIGOCENE. 
The palatines are shaped yery much as in Canis, As a whole, the bony palate 
differs from that of the latter genus in the greater and more abrupt expansion of its 
posterior half, beginning at p 2; it is also somewhat more concave transversely and has 
a more prominent ridge along the median line. The palatine foramina are likewise 
somewhat different from those of recent dogs; one conspicuous opening on each side 
occupies the same position as in the latter, opposite the middle of the sectorial, but instead 
of a single opening opposite m 1, is a group of two or three minute foramina. 
The Cramal Foramina. Unfortunately, none of the specimens are sufficiently 
well preserved to permit a complete account of the cranial foramina, though the more 
important facts concerning these structures may be determined. Leidy states that in 
D. vetus “the anterior condyloid, Eustachian and oval foramina present very nearly the 
same condition as in the Wolf” (’69, p. 33). The specimen upon which Leidy’s descrip- 
tion was founded, belonging to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, has been 
mislaid and is not at present available for comparison, but the description cited above 
does not altogether apply to the cranium of D. hartshornianus, of which an account has 
been given in the foregoing pages. In this specimen the condylar foramen is widely 
removed from the condyle, much more so than in Canis, and is placed near the edge of 
the reniform fossa which lies behind the tympanic bulla. The existence of this fossa 
removes the necessity for a distinct foramen lacerum posterius, which is indicated only 
by a notch in the hinder margin of the fossa; similarly, the stylomastoid foramen is an 
open groove, only partially enclosed by bone. The postglenoid foramen is large and 
conspicuous and is not concealed by the anterior lip of the auditory meatus as is the case 
in the John Day Cynodesmus. The foramen lacerum medium appears to occupy a 
somewhat more internal position than in Canis, though this is not altogether certain, 
because of the unfavorable condition of the fossil just at this point. The Eustachian 
canal is more concealed under the long anterior process given off from the tympanic 
bulla than in the existing genus, and the foramen ovale is separated from the entrance to 
the canal by a much more prominent bony ridge, so that the foramen presents forward 
instead of downward. 
By a curious coincidence all the crania of Daphenus in the Princeton museum are 
damaged in such a way that none of them displays the alisphenoid canal, the foramen 
rotundum or the foramen lacerum anterius, though there is no reason to doubt that all of 
these foramina were present and corresponded in position to those of Canis. The optic 
foramen is overhung by a ridge, already described, which is much more prominent than 
in the latter, and the lachrymal foramen is decidedly larger and more conspicuous. The 
parietal is perforated by a yenous foramen which opens in the depression behind the 
cerebral hemispheres ; this foramen, the postpariectal, is not found in the modern genus. 
