3x40) NOTES ON THE CANIDZ OF THE WHITE RIVER OLIGOCENE. 
arch at a higher level, though they are still very prominent and carry large, concave 
facets for the second pair of ribs. The neural spine is somewhat heavier than on the 
preceding vertebra, and was probably higher, as well, but in none of the specimens is the 
spine preserved for its entire length. 
The other vertebree in the anterior part of the thoracic region have rather small 
centra, and in general character are very much like those of Canis. The (?) sixth 
vertebra has a curiously shaped spine, which exaggerates the condition seen in the modern 
genus; its proximal portion is inclined very strongly backward, while the distal portion 
is curved so as to project upward; the other thoracics, as far back as the (?) tenth, have 
similar spines. One yery marked difference from the recent Canide consists in the deep 
notch which, in Daphenus, separates the two prezygapophyses. The anticlinal vertebra 
is probably, as in the existing dogs, the tenth, and at this point the thoracic vertebra 
undergo an abrupt change of character, assuming more the appearance of lumbars. In 
Canis the spine of the tenth thoracic is exceedingly small and much lower than those of 
the ninth and eleventh, but in Daphenus, on the other hand, the spine is much better 
developed, both in length and thickness; the postzygapophyses are small, somewhat 
convex and placed high up upon the neural arch, presenting outward. The (?) eleventh 
thoracic is not preserved in any of the specimens. The (?) twelfth and thirteenth are 
much like lumbars, except for the smaller and lower spines, thickened at the distal 
end, and for the entire absence of transverse processes, which in Canis are present, though 
very short, even on the thirteenth; the anapophyses are remarkably long and stout, 
being much heavier and more prominent than in the recent dogs, and high, massive 
metapophyses rise above the prezygapophyses. 
The lumbar vertebrae (P|. XIX, Fig. 8) were probably seven in number, though not 
more than six haye been found in connection with any one specimen. These vertebre 
are remarkable for their relatively great size and massiveness, and for the length of all 
their processes, being in these respects feline, rather than canine in character and appear- 
ance. Assuming that seven is the full number, the missing one will then be the third, 
and the following description is made upon that assumption. The centra increase in 
length posteriorly, reaching a maximum in the fifth and sixth, but the seventh is no 
longer than the first, though much broader and heavier. Compared with those of Canis, 
these centra are longer, stouter, less depressed and more rounded. The transverse pro- 
cesses are longer and heavier than in Canis and less so than in the large species of Melis. 
The neural spines are likewise intermediate in character between those of the recent dogs 
and of the larger felines; they are much higher, more extended antero-posteriorly, more 
thickened at the distal end and more steeply inclined forward, than in the former. In 
D. felinus especially, the great height of these spines is very striking and the resemblance 
