NOTES ON THE CANIDZ OF THE WHITE RIVER OLIGOCENE. 37/1 
eral and less inferior in position, and is bounded above by a distinet crest; the antero- 
inferior, or maxillary, process is shorter, and the ascending, or frontal, process is narrower, 
but extends farther upward along the margin of the orbit. As a whole, the zygomatic 
arch is of nearly the same proportionate length as in Canis latrans, but has a straighter 
fore-and-aft course, being much less strongly arched upward, though curving outward 
quite as decidedly from the side of the skull. This comparative shortness of the arch, 
in association with the very elongate cranium, is due to the anterior position of the zygo- 
matic process of the squamosal, which is placed much farther in advance of the occi- 
pital condyle than in the recent members of the family. 
The dachrymal forms but a very smail portion of the anterior rim of the orbit and 
carries a rudimentary spine. Within the orbit the bone is relatively more extended and 
occupies a more eleyated position than in the modern dogs, while the ascending or fron- 
tal process is much shorter ; the lachrymal foramen is large and is farther removed from 
the frontal suture. 
The nasals are short, narrow and slender, splint-like bones, which are convex trans- 
versely and very slightly concave antero-posteriorly ; their general shape is much the 
same as in Vulpes, except for the much less distinct fore-and-aft concayity and their lesser 
elongation. 
The premaxillaries are small ; the alveolar portion is weak, in correspondence with 
the smallness of the incisors, and is not produced anteriorly in the spout-like form which 
characterizes Daphenus ; the groove for the reception of the inferior canine is much less 
deeply incised than in the latter. The ascending ramus is long and slender, but forms a 
wider strip upon the side of the muzzle than in the last-named genus. The anterior narial 
opening is small, oval in shape and more oblique in position than in either Canis or Vul- 
pes. The palatine processes of the premaxillaries are short and very narrow, and the 
incisive foramina are small. This portion of the palate has an entirely different appearance 
from that found in Daphenus ; the premaxillaries are not nearly so much extended in 
front of the canines, the incisive foramina are shorter and have no such grooyes extending 
forward from them ; the spines are very slender and much shorter, reaching only to the 
canines and not to the line of p 4, as they do in the larger genus. In most of these 
respects Daphenus is nearer to Canis and Vulpes than is Cynodictis. 
The mazillaries are relatively very short, much shorter than in the existing genera, 
a statement which especially apples to the facial or preorbital portion. At the same 
time the vertical height is proportionately great. Except for the swelling produced by 
the root of the canine, the facial surface of the maxillary is simply conyex, there being 
no distinctly marked fovea maxillaris. Owing to the shortness and height of the facial 
portion, its superior and anterior margin, formed by the sutures with the frontal, nasal 
and premaxillary, is more strongly curved and descends much more steeply in front than 
