NOTES ON THE CANIDE® OF THE WHITE RIVER OLIGOCENE. Bile: 
eynoid. The condylar foramen is an opening, hardly larger than a pin-hole, which per- 
forates the ridge running mesially from the paroccipital process ; its position is just as in 
Canis. ‘The foramen lacerum posterius is rather smaller than in existing representatives 
of the family, which is due to the greater proportionate elongation of the auditory bulla, 
and for the same reason the stylomastoid foramen is less conspicuously displayed. An 
important difference from Canis and Vulpes consists in the presence of a well-defined 
external opening of the carotid canal, which grooyes the inner side of the auditory bulla 
somewhat behind the middle of its course ; it is much better shown in some specimens 
than in others. In the modern Canidae, “the carotid canal is complete and of tolerable 
dimensions ; but its external opening is not visible on the surface of the bulla, being 
deep in the foramen lacerum posticum” (Flower, ’69, p. 24). The other carnivorous 
fantilies, however, have the carotid canal with visible opening, but varying in position in 
the different groups. 
The foramen lacerum medium and the Eustachian foramen are very much as in 
Canis, but the glenoid foramen is somewhat concealed by the prolonged anterior lip of 
the auditory meatus. The foramen ovale is a narrow slit which may be readily over- 
looked, and is closed by even a slight distortion of the skull. An alisphenoid canal is 
present, and the other openings, the optic, anterior lacerated and round foramina, are as 
in the recent cynoids. The whole structure of the cranial basis and its foramina are thus 
canine in character, with only a single difference, the distinctness of the carotid canal. 
There is nothing to suggest relationship with the viverrines. 
Measurements. 
| No, 10493. No. 10513, | No. 10939. | No. 11012. | No. 11381. } No. 11382. No. 11432. 
Skull, length (fr. oce. condyles).-.--..-..-..seseesseeceecereeres 0.092 | 0.092 | 0.086 | 0.089 
Cranium, length (occ. condyles to preorbital border)....- -062 | ?.062 064 -064 -059 -063 
Pace, preorbital lenoth........ ......02....2..-ce.-sccesccons nee: .032 030 | 030 028 
Occiput, breadth across mastoid processes ..-...----+-++-++++- | 033 | .034 .034 .038 0385 .032 .033 
Brain case, greatest breadth...-.....-:--csseceeeceeeeeeceereeeeees | .081 | .032 | .032 | .035 | .033 | .033 033 
Skull, width across ZYGOMAS «....-..0.-ceeseeeeceecseeceeeneeeeeee .052 | | 055 
Zygomatic arch, length...-...-....-...2.-0sce-secoeeeeneennsennee- | .042 | .043 -043 -043 | 042 | .014 
TDE@S, SUNT GP 0 2 cocecshee ce cacseeeeece ecco secouseenecboooecesenece | .026 .026 .026 .030 | .025 
ne He 8S GNTTINE = co scesteggnce co sca snonacosaeeBataoeadecoseo3e 016 OL | 018 | .015 
Mandible, length (fr. condyle) ne 063 | 060 
EME des itive ric ate cba ct zea coe cones eases O09 ye eOten Pe Olie | OTT = | 010 
se ASCE) S5-aancsconocadoosaeeaoscscosecebacctonsnocces | 010 | 008 007 
x thickness at mM y--.---seeeee-eeceeceeeeeeeeree esse ness -0045 | -0055 .0055 | .005 | .005 
SS height of coronoid process (from ventral | 
ond en cee lee ee caaks Hhtne.. 027 | .029 | 2.027 | 029 
height of condyle fr. angle........-..-sseesseeeeee 5 .014 | | -013 
