NOTES ON THE CANID#H OF THE WHITE RIVER OLIGOCENE. 379 
the tip, and are inclined forward rather more decidedly than in Canis. Anapophiyses 
are quite prominent on the anterior lumbars, but diminish posteriorly, becoming rudi- 
mentary on the fifth, while the metapophyses are conspicuous in all. The zygapo- 
physes are but moderately concave and convex respectively. The general aspect of 
the lumbar region is not canine in character, but rather resembles that of the civets 
and mustelines. 
The sacrum is quite short and consists of three vertebrae, only the first of which has 
a contact with the ium. The first sacral has a broad and much depressed centrum and 
large, expanded pleurapophyses, which give considerable width to the vertebra. The 
neural spine is a mere feebly marked ridge, while the spines of the second and third are 
higher and separate. The transverse processes of all the sacrals are fused into a continu- 
ous lateral ridge, but that of the third vertebra extends outward much farther than the 
others and ends in a point, an arrangement which gives to this sacrum an appearance 
quite different from that of Canis. The prezygapophyses of the first vertebra are large 
and conspicuous, but all the other zygapophyses of the sacrum are small. The neural 
foramina are remarkably small. The centrum of the last vertebra is almost as large as 
that of the first and the widely extended transverse processes make the sacrum nearly as 
broad behind as it is in front. 
The caudal vertebre are not preserved entire in any of the specimens, nor, indeed, 
ean all of them be recovered from all the individuals combined, so that the number of 
tail vertebree is, as yet, conjectural. However, enough remains to show the character of 
the tail and of the various elements which compose it. The tail was evidently very well 
developed, being relatively longer and stouter than in any of the recent Canida, and 
much like that of some of the long-tailed yiverrines, such as Herpestes. ‘The anterior 
caudal vertebrae have short, but heavy centra and very long, broad and depressed trans- 
verse processes, which extend out nearly at right angles with the line of the centrum. 
The breadth of the first caudal across the transverse processes about equals that of the last 
sacral. The zygapophyses of the anterior caudals are large and prominent. ‘The ante- 
rior caudals are succeeded by a number of vertebrae with very elongate centra, which 
resemble in miniature the corresponding vertebree of Daphenus, having distinct remnants 
of the various processes. Toward the tip of the tail the vertebrae become very slender 
and of a cylindrical shape, the centra being slightly contracted in the middle and 
expanded at the ends. 
The ribs, so far as they are preserved in the yarious specimens, are remarkable 
chiefly for their length and slenderness and for their subcylindrical shape. Tubercles 
appear to be absent from the twelfth and thirteenth pair. The sternum is of the usual 
carnivorous character, without being especially like that either of the dogs or of the 
