166 THE VICTORIAN NATURALIST. 



• 



out of the apples within a few days and remain on the canvas or 

 sides of the cask. The apples may be removed and the cask 

 fumigated with sulphur, tobacco, or lighted shavings, &c. In the 

 winter, remove from the trunks of all fruit trees — apples, pears, 

 plums, &c. — near the apples or pears, the rough, loose bark, and 

 burn it. This may be effected by scraping the trees with a piece 

 of iron hoop, not sharp ; dissolve Yz lb. of soft soap in a bucket 

 of hot water, add half-pint kerosene and Y^ lb. kitchen grease ; 

 with a long-handled tar brush brush this mixture well into the 

 crevices of the bark on the trunk of the trees. Corrosive 

 sublimate in solution is the most deadly to all insect life, but 

 this is a dangerous poison and if used too strong may prove 

 injurious to the trees. An erroneous idea has obtained that these 

 little grubs may be trapped in other ways, by hanging paper on 

 the boughs, or by putting bagging round the stems of the trees ; 

 but the instinct and habit of insects cannot be altered, and these 

 little grubs never make their cocoons in the dead leaves or any 

 material that would absorb wet in winter ; they always choose the 

 bark or paling or dry wood. Burning weeds under and around 

 the apple trees whilst they are in blossom, continuing some little 

 time after, is said to be efficacious in driving the moth away to 

 other gardens. Some magpies and the litde indigenous yellow 

 wrens hunt for the grubs in the bark crevices. The tomtits of 

 Europe are most useful in this way. The grubs never remain in 

 the apple more than a day or two after the apple falls, so it is 

 useless to gather up windfalls and destroy them ; in fact, it is stated 

 upon good authority that the grub leaves the apple the same night 

 that it falls. 



RECORD OF TWO NEW VICTORIAN HIGHLAND 

 COMPOSITES 



By Baron von Mueller, K.C.M.G., M. & Ph.D., F.R.S. &c. 

 Helichrysum Stirlingl 



Tall, shrubby, somewhat viscid ; leaves chartaceous, short- 

 stalked, narrow- or elongate-lanceolar, gradually long-pointed, flat, 

 entire, above dark green and nearly glabrous, beneath as well as the 

 branchlets and peduncles beset with closely interwoven greenish- 

 or greyish- white short hairlets ; carinular venule prominent, 

 besides two longitudinal thinner upwards evanescent venules 

 nearer the margin of the leaves ; panicle of headlets somewhat 

 corymbous, terminating branchlets ; headlets rather small, nearly 

 hemispherical ; involucre much depressed, its outer constituting 

 bracts pale-brownish, from orbicular to ovate, bearing soft partly 

 lanuginous hairlets ; inner involucral bracts terminating each in 

 an elliptic-cuneate white conspicuous lamina ; receptacle almost 



