164 THE VICTORIAN NATURALIST. 



cliffs or released by its disintegration by the lake water. The 

 lake at its highest is said to wash the foot of this cliff. The fact 

 that it stands with a vertical face up to 30 feet in height is also 

 evidence of this. 



The general dip of the beds is low, but not definitely ascertain- 

 able. It will be influenced in the first instance by original 

 inequalities, rapid variation of thickness of beds, contem- 

 poraneous erosion, the effects of contemporaneous movement and 

 of blows. These produce serious variations in a very low dip. 

 Added to this is the effect of slip. However, by tracing beds 

 along the cliff it was found that their outcrop on the cliff is 

 sensibly horizontal on the whole, though very variable from point 

 to point. The caves appear to show dips inward, but this does not 

 appear to be universal, and evidently caves would be more likely 

 to occur where such was the case. It is also clear that the effect 

 of the slip would be to influence this apparent dip at right angles 

 to the cliff much more than the average height of a bed in the 

 cliff face. Near Stuart's Point the cliff becomes lower, and the 

 tuff beds, as shown in the cliff, dip towards the point. On turning 

 the point they are seen to have a slight inclination towards the 

 point on this side also. 



Turning the corner into Callender Bay, the cliff section is not 

 nearly so clear ; blocks of basalt and granite still abound on the 

 the beach, but none of a size equal to the largest on Stuart's Cliff. 

 A hill rises steeply above the cliff on this part of the bay, and 

 some, at least, of these blocks to my own knowledge have been 

 rolled from above. The inclination of the beds of tuff is for the 

 most part westerly, but though the dip is much more pronounced, 

 it is still rendered somewhat indecisive by the imperfections of 

 stratification, and by slips, and the section is not continuous. 



On the promontory between these two cliffs there rises a hill 

 to about 135 feet above the lake. It rises, as mentioned, steeply 

 from the bay side, but a comparatively gentle slope leads from the 

 hill to Stuart's Cliff. On it, up to the top, are seen blocks of 

 granite and basalt, some of considerable size, and at places tuff is 

 exposed. Blocks occur as far north as the main road, and tuff 

 was noticed even on the north side of the railway at a water- 

 hole. 



Round the head of the bay the steep bank recedes to some 

 distance from the water's edge, and is mostly grassed. A few 

 blocks are seen lying well back from the beach, some of which 

 are granite. The beach itself is sandy. At a small lane tuff can 

 be seen overlaid by basalt in situ, and along the south-west side 

 of the bay the tuffs appear again in a good section, but not so 

 steep or so continuously exposed as at Stuart's Cliff. All along 

 this cliff the tuffs are overlaid by a lava stream, first noticed at the 

 lane before mentioned. The cliff gradually becomes lower, and 



