ORNITHOLGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN SIKHIM, ETC. 465 



female Accipiter melaschistos that flew round and round us till 

 I shot her. 



At and near Darjeeling, I came across about fourteen species 

 of the ^Leiotrichina, and was struck with the very distinct voice 

 of each. It may be taken as a certainty that distinctness of 

 voice always involves entire specific distinctness ; but on the 

 other hand, apparent similarity of note does not prove identity, 

 but only affinity. For example, the Black and White "Wagtails 

 (Motacilla) have wonderfully similar notes; so have the 

 Budytes, and the Larks, Alauda. The notes of the Pipits are 

 more distinct. The Sparrows' chirp is the well-known one 

 everywhere, and it is not everyone who could distinguish 

 the chirp of Passer flavicollis from that of P. indicus; or, again, 

 from that of P. montanus. Yet these Sparrows with similar 

 voices are as specifically distinct as they well could be. 



The notes of the difierent Stone Chats are wonderfully alike, 

 but I believe even these are all quite distinct. In the Phyllos- 

 copine group there is a very great variation of voice with each 

 species, and this is a great help, as some of them are so closely 

 affined. I believe, however, that the Broad-billed Hypolais group 

 have similar call-notes; certainly H. rama and H caligata 

 have almost the same reed-warbler-like " tchack.'^ All these 

 birds, however, sing well, and their songs may vary con- 

 siderably. 



With these few observations I shall begin my list of species 

 noticed. 



The numbers are those of the Editor's list, Vol. VIII., page 

 81 of Stkay Feathers. 



10.— Falco sacer, Gm. 



1 saw two or three Falcons with whitish heads sitting on corn 

 stacks near the line of Kailway between Saharunpore and 

 Sirsawa. To me they appeared to be Sacers. 



27.— Aquila mogilnik, S, G. Gm. 



Several seen near Rohri. 



28.— Aquila clanga, Fall. 



About Rohri in Scinde, and at Saharunpore. I have an egg 

 of this species taken by my friend Otto Moller in the Sikhim 

 Terai.; 



29.— Aquila vindhiana, Frankl. 



This bird was very common about Mooltaa. 



