THE PUNJAB, AND SIND. 485 



Lengths of females, 605 ; 6*25 ; 6*20 ; 5'9. 



Win^ of males, 3-40 ; 3-48; 3-46; 3-55; 3-55; 3-47; 3*53; 

 3-60; 3-61. 



Wing of females, 3-23 ; 3-22 ; 3-18 ; 3-17. 



Tail of males, 2-85 ; 2-9 ; 2*7 ; 2-7 ; 2-6 ; 2-7 ; 2*7 ; 27 ; 2'7. 



Tail of females, 2-55 ; 2-45 ; 2*40 ; 2-30. 



Tarsus of males, '85 to '88; of female, '83 to '85. 



Bill at front, c? '5 ; ? '45 to 47. ' 



This is a greyish brown Pipit above, and dull whitish below. 

 The breast spots are smaller than in trivialis and pratensis, and 

 not so numerous : they are brown, and very much paler than 

 those of the two Pipits named : These spots are also a little 

 cloudy at the edge, but compared with the large cloudy spots of 

 spinolettUy they are very different indeed, being only a quarter 

 the size and darker and more distinct. The spots on the breast 

 of spinoletta are very similar to those of obscurus. The upper 

 surface of spinoletta is also a much darker and more rufous brown 

 than in blakistoni, and the striation is not nearly so bold and 

 distinct as that of blahistoni. I have only one example of spino- 

 letta from Lombardy, but I have seen many others. The wing 

 of the example before me is 3*45 ; tail, 2*7 ; tarsus, '9 ; bill at 

 front, '45 ; it is unsexed. 



In Dresser's Birds of Europe, the spots on the breast of the 

 figure of the autumnal bird {spinoletta), are much too well 

 defined. 



Anthus blaJcistoni is not uncommon in the North- West Pro- 

 vinces of India,where it frequents the borders of jheels and lakes. 

 It is generally found in company with the common Indian 

 Water Fipit, Anthus I'osaceus. This latter has a softer and less 

 shrill note than blakistoni. 



605 sea?.-- Anthus ludovicianus, Gm. {A.japonicus, 

 T. & S.) 



This is about the same size as Anthus blakistoni, but the colour 

 is different. The upper surface is a dark greyish brown, striated 

 with a still darker and blackish brown ; the wings and tail are 

 also a darker brown ; the lower surface is more tinged with dull 

 buff than in blakistoni, and the breast is marked with numerous 

 fine, large oval blackish brown spots, very distinct and well de- 

 fined at their edges. It is even more boldly spotted than pra- 

 tensis, and some have larger spots than any trivialis has. The 

 bill is dark brown, yellow brown at gape and on base of lower 

 mandible : legs and feet brown, and claws dark brown. My 

 three examples are males : Length, 590 ; 6'30 ; 6*40 ; wings, 

 3-43 ; 3-33 ; 3-43 ; tails, 2'6; 2'b ; 2'6 ; tarsus, -85; -84; -85 ; 



