18 Timehri. 



From the foregoing it will be seen that in every case the shell mounds 

 are found on hills of granitic, or partly granitic, formation and not on 

 the " red " hills ; that they are always on the lower portion of the hills 

 and where the soil and other conditions are such that Indians might 

 reasonably establish villages. On the other hand, with one exception — 

 Akawabi — the decorated pottery, heads and well-made stone implements 

 are found only on lateritic or " red " hills ; usually near the summits or on 

 the steepest slopes, scattered hit or miss over a large area and never in 

 connectien with the shell mounds except at Akawabi. It will also be 

 noticed that no decorated pottery, no heads and no highly finished stone 

 implements were found in the shell mounds or iu the graves. 



From these facts I am led to the conclusion that two distinct races 

 inhabited this district in prehistoric times, one a primitive fish- 

 eating tribe who dwelt upon the lower slopes of the island hills and 

 perhaps cultivated the soil to a certain extent, but who had not de- 

 veloped the art of making ornamental pottery or well-made stone imple- 

 ments, but who used plain, crude pottery and wooden, and perhaps bone 

 weapons to great extent. The other was a more highly developed race 

 who were skilled in the manufacture of beautifully finished stone imple- 

 ments, who had developed pottery to an art and who probably inhabited 

 the country and drove oft or destroyed their more peaceful shell-eating 

 fellows and occupied their lands and village sites. It is to this race that I 

 attribute the skeletons, the decorated pottery and earthenware heads and 

 most of the stone implements. Had the shell-eaters possessed such 

 pottery and implements they would certainly be found among the shells, 

 and it is highly improbable that the makers of the mounds would have 

 buried their dead in the shell heaps where they lived. Moreover, the 

 shell heaps had accumulated for many years before the graves were dug, 

 for masses of semi-fossilized shells were found near the surface and fresh 

 shells at the bottom of the graves, which would never have occurred if the 

 bodies had been buried in shell heaps in use or in process of accumulation 

 at the time of burial. 



I am also convinced that the later and more advauced inhabitants 

 were sun worshippers, or at least looked upon the sun with reverence, 

 for not only were the bodies buried facing the cast but the heads, pottery 

 and other relics are invariably on the eastern sides of the hills. 

 This fact, in connection with the fact that the " red " hills 

 are not sites which Indians would find most satisfactory for permanent 

 settlements, that the decorative relics are confined to such red hills and 

 that they are in such numbers and so widely distributed convinces me 

 that the original pots and images, the stone implements, etc., were not 

 refuse or discarded utensils, from villages, but were placed upon the hills 

 purposely. In other words, I believe that these Indians made offerings 

 to the sun or to some deity upon these " red " hills and that the offer- 

 ings were placed in vessels highly and elaborately decorated with sym- 

 bolic patterns and devices. 





