Emigration from India. 47 



thing in their power to make them happy and comfortable, the following 

 scales of gratuities was paid on every soul landed alive. 



When it is considered that a full complement of coolies numbers about 

 900 souls, the inducements held out were not inconsiderable. 



Old System Condemned. 



The system of recruiting by the Professional recruiters, as already 

 stated, has been condemned by the Government of India and when, 

 if ever, emigration to the Colonies is permitted again, some other 

 way of collecting coolies will have to be devised. Two systems 

 have been suggested known as the " Sardari " and " Kangani " systems 

 respectively, the former at present followed for the recruitment of emi- 

 grants in Northern India, for Assam and Cachar, and the latter, that by 

 which the Straits Settlements obtain labourers from Southern India. 

 Both are somewhat similar in that the underlying principle is, that the 

 recruiter should be a man who having himself emigrated is licensed to 

 return to his Native Village and recruit relatives and friends whom he 

 must accompany back and work with. 



The difficulty in applying such a scheme of recruitment to 

 Colonial Emigration will be obvious when it is stated that the average 

 " catch " of a Garden Sardar is 3 to 4 persons, that the journey from 

 Calcutta to the West Indies occupies 40 to 45 days and that the rate of 

 passage money to this colony slides from £18 per adult, where a ship has 

 a full complement (825 statute adults say) to £11.495 where less than 

 500 are embarked. 



And the same Kangani or Sardar must not be sent backwards and 

 forwards too frequently or he becomes a professional recruiter. 



The rate of Passage Money referred to above being the same in the 

 case of Indians who exercise their right to a Keturn Passage to India, 

 these figures will be instructive from the view-point of " inducements " 

 to coolies to remain and settle here. 



Recruitment of Women. 



As is the case no doubt in all countries, the bachelor is the one in 

 India that will most readily leave his native land and seek his 

 fortune in a foreign country. And anyone with any ex- 

 perience of the Indian coolie, and the timid unenterprising 



