78 Timehri. 



(c) The " Midlothian " arrived May 10, 1863. She brought 161 

 men, 21 women, 10 girls and 3 boys, — a total of 195. There were 

 brands — some of them described as " faint " — on 189 of her lading. 51 

 had the letter V on the right shoulder ; other marks were an anchor, &c. 



(d) The barque "Reward " arrived October 20, 1863. She brought 

 72 men, 48 women, 12 boys and 3 girls. Many of the adults were under 

 five feet in height ; they were perhaps dwarf Kongo. AH had African 

 names — Veembah, Kazoongah, Matambah (ineD) and Enzambah, V T allah, 

 Sangah (women) — but after arrival they got English surnames, that of 

 the owner or manager of the estates on which they were located. The 

 African names, however, would live among themselves. Those who went 

 to Bank Hall (Wakenaam) were named Bryden ; to Cuming's Lodge, 

 Cumings ; to Great Diamond, Field ; to Chateau Margot, Gray ; to Zee- 

 lugt, McLaren ; to De Kinderen, Trotman. In other instances, the estate 

 itself suggested a surname, < o . Pin. Farm, Farmer ; Pin. Sinythfield, 

 Smyth ; Pin. Woodley Park, Park or Woodley. 



A first name — James or Tom or Virginia — probably came a little 

 later on and was picked up more haphazard. 



III. 



The second type of African immigrant — few in number but of more 

 moment from the modern view-point — was the free immigrant. 



Such Immigrants were made up, in part, of the old settlers (a 

 polyglot crew) at Sierra Leone, of Fishmen, of Bassa men, but mainly 

 of Krumen. 



The West Coast was as yet steeped in slave-holding — Sierra Leone, 

 British Gambia and the Kru Coast being the only really "free countries" 

 — so that the radius for free emigration was strictly limited. 



The Kruboy came west early. The first ship from Sierra Leone — 

 the " Superior," which arrived on May 24, 1841 — brought twenty-three 

 Krumen. They were all readily engaged to work aboard punts, at $10 a 

 month, with free house and a daily allowance of salt fish and plantains. 

 Later arrivals came by the "Prince Regent " (May 13, 1847), " Clarendon" 

 (November 25, 1850), and " Elphinstone" (March 15, and No% r ember 11, 

 1853). Besides these, Kruboys in two or threes arrived by other ve c sels. 



The Kruman was alternately sworn by and at. 



He was a hard worker, and physically stood head and shoulders above 

 the average liberated African. He was ambitious, and therefore worked 

 diligently. True, he preferred boat-work, but if nothing offered on the 

 water he took to the land. All the canes on Pin. Highbury in 1847, 

 (making 360 hogsheads of sugar) were cut exclusively by Krumen. 



But in some ways — and those of vital importance — he was hopeless. 

 He did not come to stay ; he had no more intention of " leaving his 

 bones in the West Indies " than the average Scot or Englishman of his 

 time — or of to-day. He was a black Sandy McNab. Come to the West 

 Indies : yes, he didn't mind if he did. Certainly, he would " take a 

 walk." Make money in the West Indies : of course, it was what 



