Railways; Ten Years After. 4) 
the intelligence of criminals with those advantages shows an improvement 
every session. Their early association untrammelled by effective religious 
influence enables them to pool their viciousness. They matriculate at 
Onderneeming and graduate at Mazaruni. Not a costly fad of the most 
modern, most developed and most luxurious of civilizations has been left un- 
tried. Even wealthy Trinidad has not kept up the pace, It has no Borstal 
system, and in other ways reveals itself as relatively obsolete—a mere Crown 
Colony. We are treating the symptoms of our diseased and not its cause. 
This colony in its struggle for life is not stripped for action. 
Displaying no hope of betterment ourselves we have inspired no confidence in 
anybody else. Laws and regulations, the enforcement of which we resent, 
have come to be regarded by our people as progress. Quid leges sine mori- 
bus? Surgeon General Godfrey works hard and does his manful part, 
but he and his staff are as a voice crying in the wilderness. Our public 
health system is on paper, our infant mortality appalling, our population 
stationary and but for immigration declining, and the moral condition 
of the masses is what is to be expected where no serious attempt has 
been made to erect a social system in place of that which slavery destroyed. 
But this is a digression. 
The terms on which the Grand Trunk Pacific is being built are very remark- 
able and are worthy of careful study in connection with the local railway 
problem. In the first place the Dominion refused to give any land grant at all. 
The work of the Canadian-Pacific had been well done, its settlement policy had 
been liberal and progressive, but the Government could not face public opinion 
with a proposal to create another gigantic monopoly in the shape of a land- 
holding corporation. Government assistance took quite a surprising form. It 
accepted and purchased the surveys made by President Hays for the eastern 
half of the line from Moncton in New Brunswick to Winnipeg in Manitoba. 
Té will defray the entire cost of this section, about half the whole line or 1,801 
miles. Upon completion it will lease it to the Grand Trunk Pacific for fifty 
years, with a possibility of renewal for another fifty, at an annual rent of 3 per 
cent. on the outlay. Branch lines or feeders are to be constructed by the 
company alone or with the aid of provincial subsidies or guarantees, which 
have in various cases heen forthcoming in land and money. In regard to the 
western half, the Prairie section of 916 miles which offers no considerable 
obstacle has been built on a Government guarantee of mortgage bonds, both 
principal and interest, to the extent of $13,000 or £2,600 a mile for fifty years. 
For the Mountain section, 840 miles, which includes the part traversing the 
Rockies and the Cascade Range, the construction of which is certain to be 
exceedingly costly, the Government is guaranteeing the mortgage bonds to 
the extent of 75 per cent. both principal and interest, of the actual cost of con- 
struction for fifty years, the Company giving a similar guarantee for the balance 
of 25 per cent. To enable the Company to create its traffic the Government 
will pay the whole interest on the cost of the Mountain section for 
seven years and has made further provisions to assist the enterprise. 
In short for the Mountain section it has a full guarantee for seven years 
and a ths guarantee for the balance of fifty years. The Grand Trunk 
